Parkinson Disease
GtoPdb Disease Summaries
This section gives an overview of the disease, and where available shows the following:
- Synonyms: Shows known synonyms for the disease.
- Description: Gives a basic description/definition of the disease.
- Database Link: External links to the same disease at the Disease Ontology, OMIM or Orphanet sites.
- Immunopharmacology comments: General comments about the target's role in immunopharmacology, provided by GtoImmuPdb curators.
- Associated with: Counts are displayed for the total targets the disease is associated with in GtoPdb. The counts of targets and ligands of immunological relevance associated to the disease are also shown.
More information can be found in the help pages.
✖| Disease ID: | 732 | |
| Name: | Parkinson Disease | |
| Associated with: | 5 targets | |
| 1 immuno-relevant target |  |
|
Targets
GtoPdb Disease Summaries - Targets
Click on the target name to link to its detailed view page
Where available, information is display on the role of the target in the disease; drugs which target the disease and their therapeutic use and side-effects.
If there is mutation data curated in GtoPdb this is indicated, with a link back to the appropriate section on the target detailed view page
Immuno ligand interactions - If available, a table of immuno-relevant ligands is shown. These ligands have been curated as having an association to the disease and possess interaction data with the target in GtoPdb. The approval status of the ligand is shown, along with curator comments and an indication of whether the target is considered the primary target of the ligand.
More information can be found in the help pages.
✖| KCa2.3 | |
| Role: | Since KCa2.3 channels regulate the firing frequency of dopaminergic neurons, KCa2.3 blockers have been proposed for the treatment of Parkinson disease. |
| Drugs: | Apamin and N-methyl-laudanosine (experimentally) |
| Side effects: | High doses of apamin induce seizures and lead to Purkinje cell degeneration in the cerebellum. |
| Therapeutic use: | KCa2.3 blockers have been proposed for the treatment of Parkinson disease. |
| References: | 2,10-12 |
| Nuclear receptor related 1 | |
| Comments: | Some links suggested in individuals with familial Parkinson disease but the same mutations are not confirmed in other studies. |
| References: | 3-4,6 |
| regulator of G-protein signaling 4 | |
| References: | 5,9 |
| regulator of G-protein signaling 6 | |
| Role: | RGS6 has a neuroprotective effect which is critical for survival and maintenance of the ventral substantia nigra compacta (vSNc) midbrain dopaminergic neurons that are most affected in Parkinson's disease. |
| References: | 1 |
| regulator of G-protein signaling 10 | |
| References: | 8 |
Ligands
GtoPdb Disease Summaries - Ligands
Click ligand name to view ligand summary page
- Approved: If the ligand is an approved drug this is indicated, along with approval bodies.
- Immuno: Immuno icon indicates the ligand is immuno-relevant
Click the arrow in the final column to expand comments
- Immuno Disease Comments: Curatorial comments specifically added as part of GtoImmuPdb. They give more information on the association between the ligand and disease in the context of immunopharmacology.
- Clinical Use: General clinical comments relating to the ligand and may not necessarily be specific to the disease in question. With hyperlink to more details on the ligand summary pages.
- Bioactivty Comments: Curatorial comments specifically about the compounds biological activity - with hyperlink to more details on the ligand summary pages.
More information can be found in the help pages.
✖No ligand related data available for Parkinson Disease
References
1. Bifsha P, Yang J, Fisher RA, Drouin J. (2014) Rgs6 is required for adult maintenance of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral substantia nigra. PLoS Genet, 10 (12): e1004863. [PMID:25501001]
2. Blank T, Nijholt I, Kye MJ, Spiess J. (2004) Small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels as targets of CNS drug development. Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord, 3 (3): 161-7. [PMID:15180477]
3. Hering R, Petrovic S, Mietz EM, Holzmann C, Berg D, Bauer P, Woitalla D, Müller T, Berger K, Krüger R, Riess O. (2004) Extended mutation analysis and association studies of Nurr1 (NR4A2) in Parkinson disease. Neurology, 62 (7): 1231-2. [PMID:15079038]
4. Ibáñez P, Lohmann E, Pollak P, Durif F, Tranchant C, Agid Y, Dürr A, Brice A, French Parkinson's Disease Genetics Study Group. (2004) Absence of NR4A2 exon 1 mutations in 108 families with autosomal dominant Parkinson disease. Neurology, 62 (11): 2133-4. [PMID:15184637]
5. Ko WK, Martin-Negrier ML, Bezard E, Crossman AR, Ravenscroft P. (2014) RGS4 is involved in the generation of abnormal involuntary movements in the unilateral 6-OHDA-lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis, 70: 138-48. [PMID:24969021]
6. Le WD, Xu P, Jankovic J, Jiang H, Appel SH, Smith RG, Vassilatis DK. (2003) Mutations in NR4A2 associated with familial Parkinson disease. Nat Genet, 33 (1): 85-9. [PMID:12496759]
7. Lee JK, Chung J, McAlpine FE, Tansey MG. (2011) Regulator of G-protein signaling-10 negatively regulates NF-κB in microglia and neuroprotects dopaminergic neurons in hemiparkinsonian rats. J Neurosci, 31 (33): 11879-88. [PMID:21849548]
8. Lee JK, McCoy MK, Harms AS, Ruhn KA, Gold SJ, Tansey MG. (2008) Regulator of G-protein signaling 10 promotes dopaminergic neuron survival via regulation of the microglial inflammatory response. J Neurosci, 28 (34): 8517-28. [PMID:18716210]
9. Lerner TN, Kreitzer AC. (2012) RGS4 is required for dopaminergic control of striatal LTD and susceptibility to parkinsonian motor deficits. Neuron, 73 (2): 347-59. [PMID:22284188]
10. Mourre C, Fournier C, Soumireu-Mourat B. (1997) Apamin, a blocker of the calcium-activated potassium channel, induces neurodegeneration of Purkinje cells exclusively. Brain Res, 778 (2): 405-8. [PMID:9459560]
11. Waroux O, Massotte L, Alleva L, Graulich A, Thomas E, Liégeois JF, Scuvée-Moreau J, Seutin V. (2005) SK channels control the firing pattern of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in vivo. Eur J Neurosci, 22 (12): 3111-21. [PMID:16367777]
12. Wulff H, Kolski-Andreaco A, Sankaranarayanan A, Sabatier JM, Shakkottai V. (2007) Modulators of small- and intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels and their therapeutic indications. Curr Med Chem, 14 (13): 1437-57. [PMID:17584055]
