SLC31 family of copper transporters
Overview 
Show »« Hide
SLC31 family members, alongside the Cu-ATPases are involved in the regulation of cellular copper levels. The CTR1 transporter is a cell-surface transporter to allow monovalent copper accumulation into cells, while CTR2 appears to be a vacuolar/vesicular transporter [4]. Functional copper transporters appear to be trimeric with each subunit having three TM regions and an extracellular N-terminus. CTR1 is considered to be a higher affinity copper transporter compared to CTR2. The stoichiometry of copper accumulation is unclear, but appears to be energy-independent [3].
Unless otherwise stated all data refer to the human proteins. Gene information is provided for human (Hs), mouse (Mm) and rat (Rn).
Transporters
|
Copper transporter 1
(SLC31A1)
Show »« Hide
| Nomenclature |
Copper transporter 1 |
| Systematic nomenclature |
SLC31A1 |
| Common abbreviation |
CTR1 |
| Other names |
COPT1,
hCTR1,
CTR1,
copper transport 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae),
LRRGT00200,
Copper uptake transporter 1,
copper transporter 1,
high affinity copper uptake protein 1,
liver regeneration-related protein LRRGT00200,
rCTR1,
solute carrier family 31 member 1
|
| Genes |
SLC31A1 (Hs), Slc31a1 (Mm), Slc31a1 (Rn) |
| Ensembl ID |
ENSG00000136868 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000066150 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000014475 (Rn)
|
|
|
Copper transporter 2
(SLC31A2)
Show »« Hide
| Nomenclature |
Copper transporter 2 |
| Systematic nomenclature |
SLC31A2 |
| Common abbreviation |
CTR2 |
| Other names |
COPT2,
hCTR2,
CTR2,
copper transporter 2,
LOC298091,
MGC124776,
Slc31a2_predicted,
probable low affinity copper uptake protein 2,
solute carrier family 31 (copper transporters), member 2,
solute carrier family 31, member 2,
solute carrier family 31, member 2 (predicted)
|
| Genes |
SLC31A2 (Hs), Slc31a2 (Mm), Slc31a2 (Rn) |
| Ensembl ID |
ENSG00000136867 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000066152 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000013631 (Rn)
|
|
Comments
Further Reading Show »« Hide
De Feo, CJ; Aller, SG; Unger, VM. (2007) A structural perspective on copper uptake in eukaryotes.
Biometals, 20 (3-4): 705-16.
[PMID:17211682]
Howell, SB; Safaei, R; Larson, CA; Sailor, MJ. (2010) Copper transporters and the cellular pharmacology of the platinum-containing cancer drugs.
Mol. Pharmacol., 77 (6): 887-94.
[PMID:20159940]
Maryon, EB; Molloy, SA; Zimnicka, AM; Kaplan, JH. (2007) Copper entry into human cells: progress and unanswered questions.
Biometals, 20 (3-4): 355-64.
[PMID:17211679]
Nose, Y; Rees, EM; Thiele, DJ. (2006) Structure of the Ctr1 copper trans'PORE'ter reveals novel architecture.
Trends Biochem. Sci., 31 (11): 604-7.
[PMID:16982196]
Petris, MJ. (2004) The SLC31 (Ctr) copper transporter family.
Pflugers Arch., 447 (5): 752-5.
[PMID:12827356]
References Show »« Hide
1. Blair, BG; Larson, CA; Safaei, R; Howell, SB. (2009) Copper transporter 2 regulates the cellular accumulation and cytotoxicity of Cisplatin and Carboplatin.
Clin. Cancer Res., 15 (13): 4312-21.
[PMID:19509135]
2. Ishida, S; Lee, J; Thiele, DJ; Herskowitz, I. (2002) Uptake of the anticancer drug cisplatin mediated by the copper transporter Ctr1 in yeast and mammals.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 99 (22): 14298-302.
[PMID:12370430]
3. Lee, J; Peña, MM; Nose, Y; Thiele, DJ. (2002) Biochemical characterization of the human copper transporter Ctr1.
J. Biol. Chem., 277 (6): 4380-7.
[PMID:11734551]
4. Rees, EM; Lee, J; Thiele, DJ. (2004) Mobilization of intracellular copper stores by the ctr2 vacuolar copper transporter.
J. Biol. Chem., 279 (52): 54221-9.
[PMID:15494390]
@GuidetoPHARM 
Like us on Facebook
Copper accumulation through CTR1 is sensitive to silver ions, but not divalent cations [3]. The CTR1 and CTR2 transporters regulate the cellular levels of the anticancer drug cisplatin [1-2].