emapunil   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 8704

Synonyms: AC-5216 | XBD-173 | XBD173
Compound class: Synthetic organic
Comment: Emapunil (XBD173) is an orally bioavailable translocator protein (TSPO) phenylpurine ligand. TSPO was originally identified as a molecular target for the development of new anxiolytic drugs [1-2,5]. More recently, TSPO is being pursued as a novel neuroimmunodulatory target for disease-modifying benefit in secondary progressive MS (SPMS), based on preclinical evidence of immunomodulatory effects on monocytes/macrophages and microglia that appear to induce a reparative phenotype in these immune cell types [3-4].
Click here for help

Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

✖

View interactive charts of activity data across species

emapunil is commercially available from our sponsors

2D Structure
Click here for help

2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

✖
Click here for structure editor
Physico-chemical Properties
Click here for help

Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the CDK toolkit. All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

✖
Hydrogen bond acceptors 5
Hydrogen bond donors 0
Rotatable bonds 7
Topological polar surface area 73.02
Molecular weight 401.19
XLogP 2.65
No. Lipinski's rules broken 0
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
Click here for help

SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

✖
Canonical SMILES CCN(C(=O)Cn1c2nc(ncc2n(c1=O)C)c1ccccc1)Cc1ccccc1
Isomeric SMILES CCN(C(=O)Cn1c2nc(ncc2n(c1=O)C)c1ccccc1)Cc1ccccc1
InChI InChI=1S/C23H23N5O2/c1-3-27(15-17-10-6-4-7-11-17)20(29)16-28-22-19(26(2)23(28)30)14-24-21(25-22)18-12-8-5-9-13-18/h4-14H,3,15-16H2,1-2H3
InChI Key NBMBIEOUVBHEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Bioactivity Comments
In human brain samples the TSPO binding affinity of emapunil (XBD173) varies depending on the expression profile of binding sites [3]. Some individuals express a protein with either a high or low affinity binding site, and others express both so the detected overall binding affinity lies between the high and low values.
Selectivity at other protein targets
Key to terms and symbols Click column headers to sort
Target Sp. Type Action Value Parameter Concentration range (M) Reference
Translocator protein Primary target of this compound Rn Agonist Agonist 9.7 pKi - 6
⤷ pKi 9.7 (Ki 2x10-10 M) [6]
Translocator protein Hs Agonist Binding 7.5 – 8.6 pKi - 3
⤷ pKi 8.6 (Ki 2.4x10-9 M) [3]
Description: Affinity for the high affinity TSPO binding site in human brain tissue
pKi 7.5 (Ki 3.03x10-8 M) [3]
Description: Affinity for the low affinity TSPO binding site in human brain tissue