halofuginone   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 10153

PDB Ligand Antimalarial Ligand
Compound class: Synthetic organic
Comment: Halofuginone is a synthetic derivative of febrifugine, a quinazolinone alkaloid first isolated from the roots of the blue evergreen hydrangea (D. febrifuga) and used as an antimalarial remedy in traditional Chinese medicine. The INN record for halofuginone indicates that it is a racemic mixture. We show the chemical structure without stereochemistry to represent the mixture.

The Malaria tab on this ligand page provides additional curator comments of relevance to the Guide to MALARIA PHARMACOLOGY.
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species
2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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Physico-chemical Properties
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Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the CDK toolkit. All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

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Hydrogen bond acceptors 4
Hydrogen bond donors 2
Rotatable bonds 4
Topological polar surface area 84.22
Molecular weight 413.01
XLogP 2.81
No. Lipinski's rules broken 0
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

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Canonical SMILES O=C(Cn1cnc2c(c1=O)cc(c(c2)Br)Cl)CC1NCCCC1O
Isomeric SMILES O=C(Cn1cnc2c(c1=O)cc(c(c2)Br)Cl)CC1NCCCC1O
InChI InChI=1S/C16H17BrClN3O3/c17-11-6-13-10(5-12(11)18)16(24)21(8-20-13)7-9(22)4-14-15(23)2-1-3-19-14/h5-6,8,14-15,19,23H,1-4,7H2
InChI Key LVASCWIMLIKXLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
References
1. Derbyshire ER, Mazitschek R, Clardy J. (2012)
Characterization of Plasmodium liver stage inhibition by halofuginone.
ChemMedChem, 7 (5): 844-9. [PMID:22438279]
2. Herman JD, Pepper LR, Cortese JF, Estiu G, Galinsky K, Zuzarte-Luis V, Derbyshire ER, Ribacke U, Lukens AK, Santos SA et al.. (2015)
The cytoplasmic prolyl-tRNA synthetase of the malaria parasite is a dual-stage target of febrifugine and its analogs.
Sci Transl Med, 7 (288): 288ra77. [PMID:25995223]
3. Keller TL, Zocco D, Sundrud MS, Hendrick M, Edenius M, Yum J, Kim YJ, Lee HK, Cortese JF, Wirth DF et al.. (2012)
Halofuginone and other febrifugine derivatives inhibit prolyl-tRNA synthetase.
Nat Chem Biol, 8 (3): 311-7. [PMID:22327401]