kynurenic acid   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 2918

Abbreviated name: KYNA
Synonyms: transtorine
PDB Ligand
Compound class: Metabolite or derivative
Comment: Kynurenic acid is a by-product of the kynurenine pathway, the main route for the non-protein metabolism (catabolism) of tryptophan [4].
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species

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2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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Physico-chemical Properties
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Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the CDK toolkit. All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

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Hydrogen bond acceptors 3
Hydrogen bond donors 2
Rotatable bonds 1
Topological polar surface area 70.16
Molecular weight 189.04
XLogP 2.43
No. Lipinski's rules broken 0
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

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Canonical SMILES OC(=O)c1cc(=O)c2c([nH]1)cccc2
Isomeric SMILES OC(=O)c1cc(=O)c2c([nH]1)cccc2
InChI InChI=1S/C10H7NO3/c12-9-5-8(10(13)14)11-7-4-2-1-3-6(7)9/h1-5H,(H,11,12)(H,13,14)
InChI Key HCZHHEIFKROPDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
References
1. Moroni F, Cozzi A, Sili M, Mannaioni G. (2012)
Kynurenic acid: a metabolite with multiple actions and multiple targets in brain and periphery.
J Neural Transm (Vienna), 119 (2): 133-9. [PMID:22215208]
2. Southern C, Cook JM, Neetoo-Isseljee Z, Taylor DL, Kettleborough CA, Merritt A, Bassoni DL, Raab WJ, Quinn E, Wehrman TS et al.. (2013)
Screening β-Arrestin Recruitment for the Identification of Natural Ligands for Orphan G-Protein-Coupled Receptors.
J Biomol Screen, 18 (5): 599-609. [PMID:23396314]
3. Wang J, Simonavicius N, Wu X, Swaminath G, Reagan J, Tian H, Ling L. (2006)
Kynurenic acid as a ligand for orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR35.
J Biol Chem, 281 (31): 22021-8. [PMID:16754668]
4. Wirthgen E, Hoeflich A. (2015)
Endotoxin-Induced Tryptophan Degradation along the Kynurenine Pathway: The Role of Indolamine 2,3-Dioxygenase and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Immunosuppressive Effects in Endotoxin Tolerance and Cancer and Its Implications for Immunoparalysis.
J Amino Acids, 2015: 973548. [PMID:26881062]