clozapine   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 38

Synonyms: Clorazil® | HF-1854
Approved drug
clozapine is an approved drug (FDA (1989))
Compound class: Synthetic organic
Comment: Note that PubChem CID 2818 has different double bond structure on the central heptane ring which results in a different InChIKey. Our structure is an exact match for the chemical structure in the INN record for this compound.

The major active metabolite of clozapine is N-desmethylclozapine.
Click here for help
IUPHAR Pharmacology Education Project (PEP) logo

View more information in the IUPHAR Pharmacology Education Project: clozapine

2D Structure
Click here for help
Click here for structure editor
Physico-chemical Properties
Click here for help
Hydrogen bond acceptors 4
Hydrogen bond donors 1
Rotatable bonds 1
Topological polar surface area 30.87
Molecular weight 326.13
XLogP 3.86
No. Lipinski's rules broken 0
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
Click here for help
Canonical SMILES CN1CCN(CC1)C1=Nc2cc(Cl)ccc2Nc2c1cccc2
Isomeric SMILES CN1CCN(CC1)C1=Nc2cc(Cl)ccc2Nc2c1cccc2
InChI InChI=1S/C18H19ClN4/c1-22-8-10-23(11-9-22)18-14-4-2-3-5-15(14)20-16-7-6-13(19)12-17(16)21-18/h2-7,12,20H,8-11H2,1H3
InChI Key QZUDBNBUXVUHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
References
1. Boess FG, Monsma FJ, Meyer V, Zwingelstein C, Sleight AJ. (1997)
Interaction of tryptamine and ergoline compounds with threonine 196 in the ligand binding site of the 5-hydroxytryptamine6 receptor.
Mol Pharmacol, 52: 515-523. [PMID:9284367]
2. Boess FG, Monsma Jr FJ, Carolo C, Meyer V, Rudler A, Zwingelstein C, Sleight AJ. (1997)
Functional and radioligand binding characterization of rat 5-HT6 receptors stably expressed in HEK293 cells.
Neuropharmacology, 36 (4-5): 713-20. [PMID:9225298]
3. Boess FG, Monsma Jr FJ, Sleight AJ. (1998)
Identification of residues in transmembrane regions III and VI that contribute to the ligand binding site of the serotonin 5-HT6 receptor.
J Neurochem, 71 (5): 2169-77. [PMID:9798944]
4. Boess FG, Riemer C, Bos M, Bentley J, Bourson A, Sleight AJ. (1998)
The 5-hydroxytryptamine6 receptor-selective radioligand [3H]Ro 63-0563 labels 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor binding sites in rat and porcine striatum.
Mol Pharmacol, 54: 577-583. [PMID:9730917]
5. Booth RG, Moniri NH, Bakker RA, Choksi NY, Nix WB, Timmerman H, Leurs R. (2002)
A novel phenylaminotetralin radioligand reveals a subpopulation of histamine H(1) receptors.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 302 (1): 328-36. [PMID:12065734]
6. Egan CT, Herrick-Davis K, Teitler M. (1998)
Creation of a constitutively activated state of the 5-hydroxytryptamine2A receptor by site-directed mutagenesis: inverse agonist activity of antipsychotic drugs.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 286 (1): 85-90. [PMID:9655845]
7. Fitzgerald LW, Conklin DS, Krause CM, Marshall AP, Patterson JP, Tran DP, Iyer G, Kostich WA, Largent BL, Hartig PR. (1999)
High-affinity agonist binding correlates with efficacy (intrinsic activity) at the human serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors: evidence favoring the ternary complex and two-state models of agonist action.
J Neurochem, 72 (5): 2127-34. [PMID:10217294]
8. Freedman SB, Patel S, Marwood R, Emms F, Seabrook GR, Knowles MR, McAllister G. (1994)
Expression and pharmacological characterization of the human D3 dopamine receptor.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 268 (1): 417-26. [PMID:8301582]
9. Grailhe R, Grabtree GW, Hen R. (2001)
Human 5-HT(5) receptors: the 5-HT(5A) receptor is functional but the 5-HT(5B) receptor was lost during mammalian evolution.
Eur J Pharmacol, 418 (3): 157-67. [PMID:11343685]
10. Herrick-Davis K, Grinde E, Teitler M. (2000)
Inverse agonist activity of atypical antipsychotic drugs at human 5-hydroxytryptamine2C receptors.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 295 (1): 226-32. [PMID:10991983]
11. Knight AR, Misra A, Quirk K, Benwell K, Revell D, Kennett G, Bickerdike M. (2004)
Pharmacological characterisation of the agonist radioligand binding site of 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2B) and 5-HT(2C) receptors.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 370 (2): 114-23. [PMID:15322733]
12. Kobayashi T, Ikeda K, Kumanishi T. (2000)
Inhibition by various antipsychotic drugs of the G-protein-activated inwardly rectifying K(+) (GIRK) channels expressed in xenopus oocytes.
Br J Pharmacol, 129 (8): 1716-22. [PMID:10780978]
13. Kohen R, Metcalf MA, Khan N, Druck T, Huebner K, Lachowicz JE, Meltzer HY, Sibley DR, Roth BL, Hamblin MW. (1996)
Cloning, characterization, and chromosomal localization of a human 5-HT6 serotonin receptor.
J Neurochem, 66 (1): 47-56. [PMID:8522988]
14. Kongsamut S, Roehr JE, Cai J, Hartman HB, Weissensee P, Kerman LL, Tang L, Sandrasagra A. (1996)
Iloperidone binding to human and rat dopamine and 5-HT receptors.
Eur J Pharmacol, 317 (2-3): 417-23. [PMID:8997630]
15. Krobert KA, Bach T, Syversveen T, Kvingedal AM, Levy FO. (2001)
The cloned human 5-HT7 receptor splice variants: a comparative characterization of their pharmacology, function and distribution.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 363 (6): 620-32. [PMID:11414657]
16. Kroeze WK, Hufeisen SJ, Popadak BA, Renock SM, Steinberg S, Ernsberger P, Jayathilake K, Meltzer HY, Roth BL. (2003)
H1-histamine receptor affinity predicts short-term weight gain for typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs.
Neuropsychopharmacology, 28 (3): 519-26. [PMID:12629531]
17. Lahti RA, Evans DL, Stratman NC, Figur LM. (1993)
Dopamine D4 versus D2 receptor selectivity of dopamine receptor antagonists: possible therapeutic implications.
Eur J Pharmacol, 236 (3): 483-6. [PMID:8102973]
18. Lim HD, van Rijn RM, Ling P, Bakker RA, Thurmond RL, Leurs R. (2005)
Evaluation of histamine H1-, H2-, and H3-receptor ligands at the human histamine H4 receptor: identification of 4-methylhistamine as the first potent and selective H4 receptor agonist.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 314 (3): 1310-21. [PMID:15947036]
19. Liu C, Ma X, Jiang X, Wilson SJ, Hofstra CL, Blevitt J, Pyati J, Li X, Chai W, Carruthers N et al.. (2001)
Cloning and pharmacological characterization of a fourth histamine receptor (H(4)) expressed in bone marrow.
Mol Pharmacol, 59 (3): 420-6. [PMID:11179434]
20. Liu C, Wilson SJ, Kuei C, Lovenberg TW. (2001)
Comparison of human, mouse, rat, and guinea pig histamine H4 receptors reveals substantial pharmacological species variation.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 299 (1): 121-30. [PMID:11561071]
21. Lovenberg TW, Pyati J, Chang H, Wilson SJ, Erlander MG. (2000)
Cloning of rat histamine H(3) receptor reveals distinct species pharmacological profiles.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 293 (3): 771-8. [PMID:10869375]
22. MacKenzie RG, VanLeeuwen D, Pugsley TA, Shih YH, Demattos S, Tang L, Todd RD, O'Malley KL. (1994)
Characterization of the human dopamine D3 receptor expressed in transfected cell lines.
Eur J Pharmacol, 266 (1): 79-85. [PMID:7907989]
23. Millan MJ, Gobert A, Newman-Tancredi A, Audinot V, Lejeune F, Rivet JM, Cussac D, Nicolas JP, Muller O, Lavielle G. (1998)
S 16924 ((R)-2-[1-[2-(2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4] dioxin-5-Yloxy)-ethyl]-pyrrolidin-3yl]-1-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-ethanone), a novel, potential antipsychotic with marked serotonin (5-HT)1A agonist properties: I. Receptorial and neurochemical profile in comparison with clozapine and haloperidol.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 286 (3): 1341-55. [PMID:9732398]
24. Monsma Jr FJ, Shen Y, Ward RP, Hamblin MW, Sibley DR. (1993)
Cloning and expression of a novel serotonin receptor with high affinity for tricyclic psychotropic drugs.
Mol Pharmacol, 43 (3): 320-7. [PMID:7680751]
25. Newman-Tancredi A, Gavaudan S, Conte C, Chaput C, Touzard M, Verrièle L, Audinot V, Millan MJ. (1998)
Agonist and antagonist actions of antipsychotic agents at 5-HT1A receptors: a [35S]GTPgammaS binding study.
Eur J Pharmacol, 355 (2-3): 245-56. [PMID:9760039]
26. Plassat JL, Amlaiky N, Hen R. (1993)
Molecular cloning of a mammalian serotonin receptor that activates adenylate cyclase.
Mol Pharmacol, 44 (2): 229-36. [PMID:8394987]
27. Proudman RGW, Pupo AS, Baker JG. (2020)
The affinity and selectivity of α-adrenoceptor antagonists, antidepressants, and antipsychotics for the human α1A, α1B, and α1D-adrenoceptors.
Pharmacol Res Perspect, 8 (4): e00602. [PMID:32608144]
28. Purohit A, Smith C, Herrick-Davis K, Teitler M. (2005)
Stable expression of constitutively activated mutant h5HT6 and h5HT7 serotonin receptors: inverse agonist activity of antipsychotic drugs.
Psychopharmacology (Berl.), 179 (2): 461-9. [PMID:15821958]
29. Rees S, den Daas I, Foord S, Goodson S, Bull D, Kilpatrick G, Lee M. (1994)
Cloning and characterisation of the human 5-HT5A serotonin receptor.
FEBS Lett, 355 (3): 242-6. [PMID:7988681]
30. Roth BL, Craigo SC, Choudhary MS, Uluer A, Monsma Jr FJ, Shen Y, Meltzer HY, Sibley DR. (1994)
Binding of typical and atypical antipsychotic agents to 5-hydroxytryptamine-6 and 5-hydroxytryptamine-7 receptors.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 268 (3): 1403-10. [PMID:7908055]
31. Ruat M, Traiffort E, Leurs R, Tardivel-Lacombe J, Diaz J, Arrang JM, Schwartz JC. (1993)
Molecular cloning, characterization, and localization of a high-affinity serotonin receptor (5-HT7) activating cAMP formation.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 90 (18): 8547-51. [PMID:8397408]
32. Schotte A, Janssen PF, Gommeren W, Luyten WH, Van Gompel P, Lesage AS, De Loore K, Leysen JE. (1996)
Risperidone compared with new and reference antipsychotic drugs: in vitro and in vivo receptor binding.
Psychopharmacology (Berl.), 124 (1-2): 57-73. [PMID:8935801]
33. Shahid M, Walker GB, Zorn SH, Wong EH. (2009)
Asenapine: a novel psychopharmacologic agent with a unique human receptor signature.
J Psychopharmacol (Oxford), 23 (1): 65-73. [PMID:18308814]
34. Shen Y, Monsma Jr FJ, Metcalf MA, Jose PA, Hamblin MW, Sibley DR. (1993)
Molecular cloning and expression of a 5-hydroxytryptamine7 serotonin receptor subtype.
J Biol Chem, 268 (24): 18200-4. [PMID:8394362]
35. Sokoloff P, Andrieux M, Besançon R, Pilon C, Martres MP, Giros B, Schwartz JC. (1992)
Pharmacology of human dopamine D3 receptor expressed in a mammalian cell line: comparison with D2 receptor.
Eur J Pharmacol, 225 (4): 331-7. [PMID:1354163]
36. Sokoloff P, Giros B, Martres MP, Bouthenet ML, Schwartz JC. (1990)
Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics.
Nature, 347 (6289): 146-51. [PMID:1975644]
37. Spalding TA, Ma JN, Ott TR, Friberg M, Bajpai A, Bradley SR, Davis RE, Brann MR, Burstein ES. (2006)
Structural requirements of transmembrane domain 3 for activation by the M1 muscarinic receptor agonists AC-42, AC-260584, clozapine, and N-desmethylclozapine: evidence for three distinct modes of receptor activation.
Mol Pharmacol, 70 (6): 1974-83. [PMID:16959945]
38. Sunahara RK, Guan HC, O'Dowd BF, Seeman P, Laurier LG, Ng G, George SR, Torchia J, Van Tol HH, Niznik HB. (1991)
Cloning of the gene for a human dopamine D5 receptor with higher affinity for dopamine than D1.
Nature, 350 (6319): 614-9. [PMID:1826762]
39. Sur C, Mallorga PJ, Wittmann M, Jacobson MA, Pascarella D, Williams JB, Brandish PE, Pettibone DJ, Scolnick EM, Conn PJ. (2003)
N-desmethylclozapine, an allosteric agonist at muscarinic 1 receptor, potentiates N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 100 (23): 13674-9. [PMID:14595031]
40. Tang L, Todd RD, Heller A, O'Malley KL. (1994)
Pharmacological and functional characterization of D2, D3 and D4 dopamine receptors in fibroblast and dopaminergic cell lines.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 268 (1): 495-502. [PMID:8301592]
41. Thomas DR, Gittins SA, Collin LL, Middlemiss DN, Riley G, Hagan J, Gloger I, Ellis CE, Forbes IT, Brown AM. (1998)
Functional characterisation of the human cloned 5-HT7 receptor (long form); antagonist profile of SB-258719.
Br J Pharmacol, 124 (6): 1300-6. [PMID:9720804]
42. Vanover KE, Harvey SC, Son T, Bradley SR, Kold H, Makhay M, Veinbergs I, Spalding TA, Weiner DM, Andersson CM et al.. (2004)
Pharmacological characterization of AC-90179 [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(4-methyl-benzyl)-N-(1-methyl-piperidin-4-yl)-acetamide hydrochloride]: a selective serotonin 2A receptor inverse agonist.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 310 (3): 943-51. [PMID:15102927]
43. Wainscott DB, Sasso DA, Kursar JD, Baez M, Lucaites VL, Nelson DL. (1998)
[3H]Rauwolscine: an antagonist radioligand for the cloned human 5-hydroxytryptamine2b (5-HT2B) receptor.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 357 (1): 17-24. [PMID:9459568]
44. Yoshio R, Taniguchi T, Itoh H, Muramatsu I. (2001)
Affinity of serotonin receptor antagonists and agonists to recombinant and native alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes.
Jpn J Pharmacol, 86 (2): 189-95. [PMID:11459121]
45. Zhu Y, Michalovich D, Wu H, Tan KB, Dytko GM, Mannan IJ, Boyce R, Alston J, Tierney LA, Li X et al.. (2001)
Cloning, expression, and pharmacological characterization of a novel human histamine receptor.
Mol Pharmacol, 59 (3): 434-41. [PMID:11179436]