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The Guide to Pharmacology Complete Ligand List

A list of all ligands featured in The Guide to Receptors and Channels (GRAC) and IUPHAR-DB.

• Click here to view a list of the ligands in GRAC.
• Click here to view a list of the ligands in IUPHAR-DB.

Non-peptidic, biogenic compounds derived from living organisms and their close synthetic derivatives. A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  V  X  Y  Z  Ligand name Abbreviated name Synonyms A Back to top aconitine agatoxin 489 AG 489 alcuronium 4,4'-didemethyl-4,4'-di-2-propenyltoxiferine I allicin apigenin arecoline arecolin, arecoline base, arekolin, methyl 1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-3-carboxylate, methylarecaiden, methylarecaidin, taeniolin argiotoxin argiotoxin 636 atropine [(1S,5R)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl] 3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-propanoate, atropen, atropinol, eyesules, hyoscyamine   B Back to top baicalein 5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone batrachotoxin betaine N,N,N-trimethylammonioacetate, trimethylglycine betulinic acid bicuculline bicuculline methiodide bilobalide bisandrographolide bongkrek acid BKA bongkrekic acid brucine 10,11-dimethoxy strychnine, brucin, brucina buprenorphine (2S)-2-[(-)-(5R,6R,7R,14S)-9α-cyclopropylmethyl-4,5-epoxy-6,14-ethano-3-hydroxy-6-methoxymorphinan-7-yl]-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-ol   C Back to top cabergoline caffeic acid caffeine 1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione, Cafeina, Caffein, Cafipel, Coffeine, guaranine, Koffein, Mateina, Methyltheobromine, Thein calphostin C camphor 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 2-bornanone, 2-camphanone, bornan-2-one, Formosa cannabidiol carboxyatractyloside CATR carvacrol chelerythrine 7α-Cl-ginkgolide B 7α-Cl-GB cocaine correolide corynanthine cyclopiazonic acid α-cyclopiazonic acid, NSC 117181 cytisine baptitoxin, baptitoxine, cytisin, cytitone, laburnin, sophorin, sophorine, tabex, tsitafat, ulexin, ulexine   D Back to top 1-deoxynojirimycin S-GI 1,9-dideoxyforskolin digoxin [3H]digoxin   [3H]-digoxin dihydroergocristine domoic acid domoate, NSC 288031   E Back to top ecteinascidin 743 ET-743, trabectedin, yondelis epibatidine CMI 488, (+)-epibatidine [125I]epibatidine   [3H]epibatidine   7-epi-GC 7-epi-ginkgolide C α-ergocryptine erythromycin-A EM-A, erythromycin esculetin 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin, aesculetin, cichorigenin   F Back to top farnesol FCI 119a 7α-F-ginkgolide B 7α-F-GB fisetin flagellin forskolin coleonol   G Back to top ginkgolide A ginkgolide (A, B, C, J) ginkgolide B BN 52021, GKB ginkgolide C BN 52022 ginkgolide J BN 52024 gluconate glycyrrhizin gossypol grayanotoxin grifolic acid ilicicolinic acid B grifolic acid methyl ether guggulsterone E-guggulsterone, guggulsterones E, pregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dione   H Back to top himbacine HS142-1 HS-142-1 hyperforin hypoglaucin A   I Back to top ibotenate 2-amino-2-(3-oxooxazol-5-yl)-acetic acid, ibotenic acid indole-3-propionic acid IPA, OXIGON 5'-iodoresiniferatoxin I-RTX   J Back to top joro toxin   K Back to top K-252a K252a kainate [3H]kainate   kallstroemin D kuwanon H   L Back to top L-azetidine-2-carboxylate lovastatin 6α-methylcompactin, mevinolin, (+)-mevin​olin LPS lipopolysaccharide derived from Gram-negative bacteria luteolin   M Back to top mallotoxin rottlerin methyllycaconitine [3H]methyllycaconitine   microcystin microcystin-LR, toxin-LR muramyl dipeptide MDP muscarine muscimol agarin, pantherine [3H]muscimol     N Back to top naringin N-benzyl brucine BNO N-chloromethyl-brucine CMB, N-chloromethylbrucine neomycin 7α-N3-ginkgolide B 7α-N3-GB 7α-NHEt-ginkgolide B 7α-NHEt-GB 7α-NH2-ginkgolide B 7α-NH2-GB 7α-NHMe-ginkgolide B 7α-NHMe-GB nordihydroguiaretic acid NDGA   O Back to top 7α-OAc-ginkgolide B 7α-OAc-GB 10-OBn-epi-ginkgolide C 10-OBn-epi-GC 10-OBn-7α-F-gingkolide B 10-OBn-7α-F-GB 10-OBn-ginkgolide B 10-OBn-GB 10-OBn-ginkgolide C 10-OBn-GC ochratoxin A 7α-OCOCH2Ph-ginkgolide B 7α-OCOCH2Ph-GB okadaic acid oleanolic acid ouabain   P Back to top parawixin 1 PbTx1 peptidoglycan murein, PGN phalloidin phloretin phlorizin picrotoxin picrotoxinin PPAHV phorbol-12-phenylacetate-13-acetate-20-homovanillate   Q Back to top quercetin quinine (1-butyl-4-piperidyl)methyl 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-8-carbox​ylate, (1-butylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-8-carboxylate, 2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxine-5-carboxylic acid 1-butyl-piperidin-4-ylmethyl ester   R Back to top rauwolscine α-yohimbine, corynanthidine, isoyohimbine, mesoyohimbine resiniferatoxin [125I]resiniferatoxin   [3H]resiniferatoxin   rifampicin rifampin rifamycin SV roxithromycin erythromycin 9-(-O-[2-methoxyethoxy]methyloxime)   S Back to top sakuranetin 4',5-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone, 5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-chroman-4-one salicylic acid salicylate salvinorin A divinorin A saxitoxin (3aS-(3a-α,4-α,10aR*))-2,6-diamino-4-(((amino-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)-3a,4,8,9-tetrahydro-1H,10H-pyrrolo(1,2-c)purine-10,10-diol schisandrin A (-)-deoxy​schisandr​in, (-)-dimet​hylgomisi​n J staurosporine (9S,10R,11R,13R)-2,3,10,11,12,13-Hexahydro-10-methoxy-9-methyl-11-(methylamino)-9,13-epoxy-1H,9H-diindolo[1,2,3-gh:3',2',1'-lm]pyrrolo[3,4-j][1,7] benzodiazonin-1-one, antibiotic 230, antibiotic AM-2282, Staurosporin, (+)-staurosporine strychnine sanaseed, stricnina, strychnin, strychnos [3H]strychnine     T Back to top tannic acid taxol 7-epipaclitaxel, 7-epi-paclitaxel, 7-epitaxol, 7-epi-taxol, paclitaxel Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol delta1-THC, delta9-THC, Deltanyne, Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, Δ9-THC, Dronabinol, Marinol, tetrahydrocannabinol tetrodotoxin TTX thapsigargin theophylline 1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione, Doraphyllin, Elixophyllin, Elixophylline, Lanophyllin, Liquophylline, Maphylline, Medaphyllin, Parkophyllin (-)-α-thujone α-thujone thymol (+)-tubocurarine d-tubocurarine   V Back to top veratridine 3-veratroylveracevine, veratrine vincamine decincan, epivincamine, isovincamine, pervincamine, vincachron, vincafolina, vincamidol, vincasaunier, vinkametrin visnagin 5-methoxy-2-methylfuranochromone, desmethoxykhellin, visnagidin, visnagine   X Back to top xestospongin C   Y Back to top yohimbine aphrosol, corynine, quebrachin, quebrachine, yohimbin   Z Back to top zaragozic acid

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