Nucleotide turnover

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Nucleotide turnover

Unless otherwise stated all data on this page refer to the human proteins. Gene information is provided for human (Hs), mouse (Mm) and rat (Rn).

Enzymes

CTP synthase 1 Show summary »« Hide summary More detailed page go icon to follow link

Target Id

3215

Nomenclature

CTP synthase 1

Previous and unofficial names

cytidine 5'-triphosphate synthase | Ctps | cytidine 5'-triphosphate synthase | cytidine 5'-triphosphate synthetase | uridine triphosphate aminase

Genes

CTPS1 (Hs), Ctps1 (Mm), Ctps1 (Rn)

Ensembl ID

ENSG00000171793 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000028633 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000009963 (Rn)

UniProtKB AC

P17812 (Hs), Q922Y4 (Mm)

EC number

6.3.4.2

Inhibitors

compound 27 [PMID: 36449304] pIC₅₀ 7.6 [2] - Mouse

compound 27 [PMID: 36449304] pIC₅₀ 7.6 [2] - Rat

compound 27 [PMID: 36449304] pIC₅₀ 7.5 [2]

Comment

Key enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway, converting uridine triphosphate to cytidine triphosphate. Particularly important for increasing the CTP pool in activated lymphocytes (e.g. during an immune response), to satisfy their requirements for nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis.

CTP synthase 2 Show summary »« Hide summary More detailed page go icon to follow link

Target Id

3216

Nomenclature

CTP synthase 2

Previous and unofficial names

cytidine 5'-triphosphate synthase 2 | CTP synthase II

Genes

CTPS2 (Hs), Ctps2 (Mm), Ctps2 (Rn)

Ensembl ID

ENSG00000047230 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000031360 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000004257 (Rn)

UniProtKB AC

Q9NRF8 (Hs), P70303 (Mm), Q5U2N0 (Rn)

EC number

6.3.4.2

Inhibitors

compound 27 [PMID: 36449304] pIC₅₀ 7.7 [2]

compound 27 [PMID: 36449304] pIC₅₀ 7.6 [2] - Rat

compound 27 [PMID: 36449304] pIC₅₀ 7.5 [2] - Mouse

Comment

Key enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway, converting uridine triphosphate to cytidine triphosphate. Generates CTP in tissues other than lymphoctes (in which CTPS1 is the predominantly used enzyme) to meet physiological demand, in conjunction with the nucleoside salvage pathway.

dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Show summary »« Hide summary More detailed page go icon to follow link

Target Id

3102

Nomenclature

dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase

Previous and unofficial names

DHPDHase | dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [NADP(+)] | DPD

Genes

DPYD (Hs), Dpyd (Mm), Dpyd (Rn)

Ensembl ID

ENSG00000188641 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000033308 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000017105 (Rn)

UniProtKB AC

Q12882 (Hs), Q8CHR6 (Mm), O89000 (Rn)

EC number

1.3.1.2

Inhibitors

RO0094889 [1]

Comment

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase is required for the first and rate-limiting step of pyrimidine catabolism. In addition to degrading pyrimidines, it also breaks down pyrimidine-based 5-fluorouracil, the anticancer cytostatic agent that is produced from chemotherapeutic prodrugs including capecitabine and tegafur.

References

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How to cite this family page

Database page citation:

Nucleotide turnover. Accessed on 08/07/2025. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY, http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=1029.

Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY citation:

Alexander SPH, Fabbro D, Kelly E, Mathie AA, Peters JA, Veale EL, Armstrong JF, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Davies JA et al. (2023) The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24: Enzymes. Br J Pharmacol. 180 Suppl 2:S289-373.