The SLC22 family of transporters is mostly composed of non-selective transporters, which are expressed highly in liver, kidney and intestine, playing a major role in drug disposition. The family may be divided into three subfamilies based on the nature of the substrate transported: organic cations (OCTs), organic anions (OATs) and organic zwiterrion/cations (OCTN). Membrane topology is predicted to contain 12 TM domains with intracellular termini, and an extended extracellular loop at TM 1/2.

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* Key recommended reading is highlighted with an asterisk

* Burckhardt G. (2012) Drug transport by Organic Anion Transporters (OATs). Pharmacol Ther, 136 (1): 106-30. [PMID:22841915]

* Hillgren KM, Keppler D, Zur AA, Giacomini KM, Stieger B, Cass CE, Zhang L, International Transporter Consortium. (2013) Emerging transporters of clinical importance: an update from the International Transporter Consortium. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 94 (1): 52-63. [PMID:23588305]

* Koepsell H. (2013) The SLC22 family with transporters of organic cations, anions and zwitterions. Mol Aspects Med, 34 (2-3): 413-35. [PMID:23506881]

* Nigam SK. (2018) The SLC22 Transporter Family: A Paradigm for the Impact of Drug Transporters on Metabolic Pathways, Signaling, and Disease. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol, 58: 663-687. [PMID:29309257]

* Yee SW, Giacomini KM. (2021) Emerging Roles of the Human Solute Carrier 22 Family. Drug Metab Dispos, 50 (9): 1193-210 [Epub ahead of print]. [PMID:34921098]

* Zamek-Gliszczynski MJ, Taub ME, Chothe PP, Chu X, Giacomini KM, Kim RB, Ray AS, Stocker SL, Unadkat JD, Wittwer MB et al.. (2018) Transporters in Drug Development: 2018 ITC Recommendations for Transporters of Emerging Clinical Importance. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 104 (5): 890-899. [PMID:30091177]

Bruno Hagenbuch Dept. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics KU Medical Center 3901 Rainbow Blvd. Kansas City Kansas 66160 USA