SGPP1 and SGPP2 are non-redundant endoplasmic reticulum enzymes that dephosphorylate intracellular S1P. The phenotype of Sgpp1(-/-) mice differ with genetic background. Sgpp2(-/-) mice are also available. No specific SGPP inhibitors available [1].

* Key recommended reading is highlighted with an asterisk

* Allende ML, Sipe LM, Tuymetova G, Wilson-Henjum KL, Chen W, Proia RL. (2013) Sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 1 regulates keratinocyte differentiation and epidermal homeostasis. J. Biol. Chem., 288 (25): 18381-91. [PMID:23637227]

* Huang WC, Liang J, Nagahashi M, Avni D, Yamada A, Maceyka M, Wolen AR, Kordula T, Milstien S, Takabe K et al.. (2016) Sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 2 promotes disruption of mucosal integrity, and contributes to ulcerative colitis in mice and humans. FASEB J., 30 (8): 2945-58. [PMID:27130484]

* Lépine S, Allegood JC, Park M, Dent P, Milstien S, Spiegel S. (2011) Sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphohydrolase-1 regulates ER stress-induced autophagy. Cell Death Differ., 18 (2): 350-61. [PMID:20798685]

* Mandala SM, Thornton R, Galve-Roperh I, Poulton S, Peterson C, Olivera A, Bergstrom J, Kurtz MB, Spiegel S. (2000) Molecular cloning and characterization of a lipid phosphohydrolase that degrades sphingosine-1- phosphate and induces cell death. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 97 (14): 7859-64. [PMID:10859351]

* Taguchi Y, Allende ML, Mizukami H, Cook EK, Gavrilova O, Tuymetova G, Clarke BA, Chen W, Olivera A, Proia RL. (2016) Sphingosine-1-phosphate Phosphatase 2 Regulates Pancreatic Islet β-Cell Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Proliferation. J. Biol. Chem., 291 (23): 12029-38. [PMID:27059959]

1. Lépine S, Allegood JC, Edmonds Y, Milstien S, Spiegel S. (2011) Autophagy induced by deficiency of sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphohydrolase 1 is switched to apoptosis by calpain-mediated autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg5) cleavage. J. Biol. Chem., 286 (52): 44380-90. [PMID:22052905]