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Overview
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More detailed introduction 
Immune checkpoint pathway blockade has revolutionized cancer treatment for some patients, with targeted immunotherapies including ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, and avelumab making it to the clinic.
How to cite this family page
Database page citation:
Immune checkpoint proteins. Accessed on 07/04/2026. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY, http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=954.
Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY citation:
Alexander SPH, Gibb AJ, Kelly E, Mathie AA, Peach CJ, Veale EL, Cidlowski JA, Davenport AP, Fabbro D, Spedding M, Striessnig J, Armstrong JF, Buneman OP, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Southan C, Davies JA et al. (2025) The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2025/26: Introduction and Other Protein Targets. Br J Pharmacol. 182: S1-S23.
