amlexanox   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 7113

Synonyms: AA-673 | Amlexanox® | Aphthasol® | CHX-3673
Approved drug PDB Ligand Immunopharmacology Ligand
amlexanox is an approved drug (FDA (1996))
Compound class: Synthetic organic
Comment: Amlexanox has anti-inflammatory [1], antiallergic and immunomodulatory actions [2]. Proposed to inhibit IKKδ and TBK1, albeit with low potency [5].
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species

amlexanox is commercially available from our sponsors

2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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Click here for structure editor
Physico-chemical Properties
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Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/). All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

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Hydrogen bond acceptors 5
Hydrogen bond donors 2
Rotatable bonds 2
Topological polar surface area 106.42
Molecular weight 298.1
XLogP 4.41
No. Lipinski's rules broken 0

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)

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Canonical SMILES CC(c1ccc2c(c1)c(=O)c1c(o2)nc(c(c1)C(=O)O)N)C
Isomeric SMILES CC(c1ccc2c(c1)c(=O)c1c(o2)nc(c(c1)C(=O)O)N)C
InChI InChI=1S/C16H14N2O4/c1-7(2)8-3-4-12-9(5-8)13(19)10-6-11(16(20)21)14(17)18-15(10)22-12/h3-7H,1-2H3,(H2,17,18)(H,20,21)
InChI Key SGRYPYWGNKJSDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)
References
1. Bell J. (2005)
Amlexanox for the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcers.
Clin Drug Investig, 25 (9): 555-66. [PMID:17532700]
2. Elad S, Epstein JB, von Bültzingslöwen I, Drucker S, Tzach R, Yarom N. (2011)
Topical immunomodulators for management of oral mucosal conditions, a systematic review; Part II: miscellaneous agents.
Expert Opin Emerg Drugs, 16 (1): 183-202. [PMID:21244328]
3. Makino H, Saijo T, Ashida Y, Kuriki H, Maki Y. (1987)
Mechanism of action of an antiallergic agent, amlexanox (AA-673), in inhibiting histamine release from mast cells. Acceleration of cAMP generation and inhibition of phosphodiesterase.
Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol, 82 (1): 66-71. [PMID:2433225]
4. Mowers J, Uhm M, Reilly SM, Simon J, Leto D, Chiang SH, Chang L, Saltiel AR. (2013)
Inflammation produces catecholamine resistance in obesity via activation of PDE3B by the protein kinases IKKε and TBK1.
Elife, 2: e01119. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.01119 [PMID:24368730]
5. Reilly SM, Chiang SH, Decker SJ, Chang L, Uhm M, Larsen MJ, Rubin JR, Mowers J, White NM, Hochberg I et al.. (2013)
An inhibitor of the protein kinases TBK1 and IKK-ɛ improves obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions in mice.
Nat Med, 19 (3): 313-21. [PMID:23396211]
6. Spina D. (2008)
PDE4 inhibitors: current status.
Br J Pharmacol, 155 (3): 308-15. [PMID:18660825]