Lipid phosphate phosphatases, divided into phosphatidic acid phosphatases or lipins catalyse the dephosphorylation of phosphatidic acid (and other phosphorylated lipid derivatives) to generate inorganic phosphate and diacylglycerol. PTEN, a phosphatase and tensin homolog (BZS, MHAM, MMAC1, PTEN1, TEP1) is a phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase which acts as a tumour suppressor by reducing cellular levels of PI 3,4,5-P, thereby toning down activity of PDK1 and PKB. Loss-of-function mutations are frequently identified as somatic mutations in cancers.

* Key recommended reading is highlighted with an asterisk

* Csolle MP, Ooms LM, Papa A, Mitchell CA. (2020) PTEN and Other PtdIns(3,4,5)P₃ Lipid Phosphatases in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci, 21 (23). [PMID:33276499]

* Dey P, Han GS, Carman GM. (2020) A review of phosphatidate phosphatase assays. J Lipid Res, 61 (12): 1556-1564. [PMID:32963036]

* Knafo S, Esteban JA. (2017) PTEN: Local and Global Modulation of Neuronal Function in Health and Disease. Trends Neurosci, 40 (2): 83-91. [PMID:28081942]

* Lee YR, Chen M, Pandolfi PP. (2018) The functions and regulation of the PTEN tumour suppressor: new modes and prospects. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 19 (9): 547-562. [PMID:29858604]

* Yehia L, Keel E, Eng C. (2020) The Clinical Spectrum of PTEN Mutations. Annu Rev Med, 71: 103-116. [PMID:31433956]

* Yehia L, Ngeow J, Eng C. (2019) PTEN-opathies: from biological insights to evidence-based precision medicine. J Clin Invest, 129 (2): 452-464. [PMID:30614812]