Top ▲
Gene and Protein Information  |
||||||
| Species | TM | AA | Chromosomal Location | Gene Symbol | Gene Name | Reference |
| Human | 4 | 506 | Xq28 | GABRE | gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit epsilon | 2,4,13-14 |
| Mouse | 4 | 916 | X A7.3 | Gabre | gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit epsilon | 10 |
| Rat | 4 | 506 | Xq37 | Gabre | gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit epsilon | 10 |
| Previous and Unofficial Names |
| GABA(A) receptor subunit epsilon | gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, epsilon | gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit epsilon | gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor | gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor epsilon subunit |
| Database Links |
|
| Alphafold | P78334 (Hs), Q9ES14 (Rn) |
| CATH/Gene3D | 2.70.170.10 |
| ChEMBL Target | CHEMBL2093872 (Hs), CHEMBL1907607 (Rn) |
| DrugBank Target | P78334 (Hs), P78334 (Hs) |
| Ensembl Gene | ENSG00000102287 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000031340 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000061182 (Rn) |
| Entrez Gene | 2564 (Hs), 14404 (Mm), 65191 (Rn) |
| Human Protein Atlas | ENSG00000102287 (Hs) |
| KEGG Gene | hsa:2564 (Hs), mmu:14404 (Mm), rno:65191 (Rn) |
| OMIM | 300093 (Hs) |
| Pharos | P78334 (Hs) |
| RefSeq Nucleotide | NM_004961 (Hs), NM_017369 (Mm), NM_023091 (Rn) |
| RefSeq Protein | NP_004952 (Hs), NP_059065 (Mm), NP_075579 (Rn) |
| UniProtKB | P78334 (Hs), Q9ES14 (Rn) |
| Wikipedia | GABRE (Hs) |
| Natural/Endogenous Ligands |
| GABA |
Download all structure-activity data for this target as a CSV file 
| Channel Blockers | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Key to terms and symbols | View all chemical structures | Click column headers to sort | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tissue Distribution
|
||||||||
|
||||||||
|
||||||||
|
||||||||
|
||||||||
|
||||||||
|
| Physiological Consequences of Altering Gene Expression
|
||||||||||
|
| Gene Expression and Pathophysiology
|
||||||||||||
|
| Biologically Significant Variant Comments |
| Although a large ε subunit mRNA transcript (~5.5 - 6.0 kb versus 3.5 kb encoding the mature ε subunit) has been observed in numerous human peripheral tissues [13], it is thought to represent an incompletely spliced species that does not lead to the translation of a GABAA receptor subunit open reading frame [13]. Alternatively, it may represent a distinct mRNA species derived from the GABRE gene that does not express as a protein that can be detected in biochemical and electrophysiological assays [3]. The gene encoding the rodent ε subunit differs from the human ε subunit (εh) gene by virtue of a large nucleotide sequence that encodes a repetitive N-terminal extracellular Pro/Glu motif [10]. In addition to the transcript encoding the long ε subunit variant (εrL) a subsequent study additionally identified a transcript encoding a short variant (εr) similar to &epsilonh [7]. Electrophysiological studies suggest that the εr but not εrL subunit may incorporate into functional GABAAreceptors [3]. |
| General Comments |
| The ε subunit confers distinguishing biophysical and pharmacological properties to recombinant GABAA receptors. GABAA receptors containing the ε subunit exhibit a relatively high level of picrotoxin inhibited spontaneous gating and have distinguishable desensitization kinetics [9,12]. The ε subunit reduces positive modulation of GABAA receptors by propofol and anaesthetic steroids and does not support the binding of the benzodiazepines flunitrazepam, or flumazenil [2]. The stoichiometry of epsilon subunit-containing receptors remains unresolved. It has been suggested that certain properties, such as anaesthetic sensitivity and spontaneous gating, may relate to the number of ε subunits assembled with α and β subunits in functional receptors [6,11]. However, there has been no demonstration of such variable stoichiometry using direct approaches. |
1. Brooks-Kayal AR, Shumate MD, Jin H, Rikhter TY, Coulter DA. (1998) Selective changes in single cell GABA(A) receptor subunit expression and function in temporal lobe epilepsy. Nat Med, 4 (10): 1166-72. [PMID:9771750]
2. Davies PA, Hanna MC, Hales TG, Kirkness EF. (1997) Insensitivity to anaesthetic agents conferred by a class of GABA(A) receptor subunit. Nature, 385 (6619): 820-3. [PMID:9039914]
3. Davies PA, McCartney MR, Wang W, Hales TG, Kirkness EF. (2002) Alternative transcripts of the GABA(A) receptor epsilon subunit in human and rat. Neuropharmacology, 43 (4): 467-75. [PMID:12367593]
4. Garret M, Bascles L, Boue-Grabot E, Sartor P, Charron G, Bloch B, Margolskee RF. (1997) An mRNA encoding a putative GABA-gated chloride channel is expressed in the human cardiac conduction system. J Neurochem, 68 (4): 1382-9. [PMID:9084408]
5. Irnaten M, Walwyn WM, Wang J, Venkatesan P, Evans C, Chang KS, Andresen MC, Hales TG, Mendelowitz D. (2002) Pentobarbital enhances GABAergic neurotransmission to cardiac parasympathetic neurons, which is prevented by expression of GABA(A) epsilon subunit. Anesthesiology, 97 (3): 717-24. [PMID:12218540]
6. Jones BL, Henderson LP. (2007) Trafficking and potential assembly patterns of epsilon-containing GABAA receptors. J Neurochem, 103 (3): 1258-71. [PMID:17714454]
7. Moragues N, Ciofi P, Lafon P, Odessa MF, Tramu G, Garret M. (2000) cDNA cloning and expression of a gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor epsilon-subunit in rat brain. Eur J Neurosci, 12 (12): 4318-30. [PMID:11122342]
8. Moragues N, Ciofi P, Lafon P, Tramu G, Garret M. (2003) GABAA receptor epsilon subunit expression in identified peptidergic neurons of the rat hypothalamus. Brain Res, 967 (1-2): 285-9. [PMID:12650990]
9. Neelands TR, Fisher JL, Bianchi M, Macdonald RL. (1999) Spontaneous and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-activated GABA(A) receptor channels formed by epsilon subunit-containing isoforms. Mol Pharmacol, 55 (1): 168-78. [PMID:9882711]
10. Sinkkonen ST, Hanna MC, Kirkness EF, Korpi ER. (2000) GABA(A) receptor epsilon and theta subunits display unusual structural variation between species and are enriched in the rat locus ceruleus. J Neurosci, 20 (10): 3588-95. [PMID:10804200]
11. Thompson SA, Bonnert TP, Cagetti E, Whiting PJ, Wafford KA. (2002) Overexpression of the GABA(A) receptor epsilon subunit results in insensitivity to anaesthetics. Neuropharmacology, 43 (4): 662-8. [PMID:12367611]
12. Wagner DA, Goldschen-Ohm MP, Hales TG, Jones MV. (2005) Kinetics and spontaneous open probability conferred by the epsilon subunit of the GABAA receptor. J Neurosci, 25 (45): 10462-8. [PMID:16280584]
13. Whiting PJ, McAllister G, Vassilatis D, Bonnert TP, Heavens RP, Smith DW, Hewson L, O'Donnell R, Rigby MR, Sirinathsinghji DJ, Marshall G, Thompson SA, Wafford KA, Vasilatis D. (1997) Neuronally restricted RNA splicing regulates the expression of a novel GABAA receptor subunit conferring atypical functional properties [corrected; erratum to be published]. J Neurosci, 17 (13): 5027-37. [PMID:9185540]
14. Wilke K, Gaul R, Klauck SM, Poustka A. (1997) A gene in human chromosome band Xq28 (GABRE) defines a putative new subunit class of the GABAA neurotransmitter receptor. Genomics, 45 (1): 1-10. [PMID:9339354]
