F-type and V-type ATPases

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The F-type (ATP synthase) and the V-type (vacuolar or vesicular proton pump) ATPases, although having distinct subcellular locations and roles, exhibit marked similarities in subunit structure and mechanism. They are both composed of a ‘soluble’ complex (termed F1 or V1) and a membrane complex (Fo or Vo). Within each ATPase complex, the two individual sectors appear to function as connected opposing rotary motors, coupling catalysis of ATP synthesis or hydrolysis to proton transport. Both the F-type and V-type ATPases have been assigned enzyme commission number E.C. 3.6.3.14


F-type ATPase


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The F-type ATPase, also known as ATP synthase or ATP phosphohydrolase (H+-transporting), is a mitochondrial membrane-associated multimeric complex consisting of two domains, an F0 channel domain in the membrane and an F1 domain extending into the lumen. Proton transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane is used to drive the synthesis of ATP, although it is also possible for the enzyme to function as an ATPase. The ATP5O subunit (oligomycin sensitivity-conferring protein, OSCP, ENSG00000241837), which acts as a connector between F1 and F0 motors.

The F1 motor, responsible for ATP turnover, has the subunit composition α3β3γδε.

The F0 motor, responsible for ion translocation, is complex in mammals, with probably nine subunits centring on A, B, and C subunits in the membrane, together with D, E, F2, F6, G2 and 8 subunits. Multiple pseudogenes for the F0 motor proteins have been defined in the human genome.


Unless otherwise stated all data refer to the human proteins. Gene information is provided for human (Hs), mouse (Mm) and rat (Rn).

Transporters

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V-type ATPase


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The V-type ATPase is most prominently associated with lysosomes in mammals, but also appears to be expressed on the plasma membrane and neuronal synaptic vesicles.

The V1 motor, responsible for ATP turnover, has eight subunits with a composition of A-H.

The Vo motor, responsible for ion translocation, has six subunits (a-e).


Unless otherwise stated all data refer to the human proteins. Gene information is provided for human (Hs), mouse (Mm) and rat (Rn).

Transporters

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B1 Show »

B2 Show »

C1 Show »

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D Show »

E1 Show »

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F Show »

G1 Show »

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H Show »

a1 Show »

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