The SLC5 family of sodium-dependent glucose transporters includes, in mammals, the Na⁺/substrate co-transporters for glucose (e.g. choline), D-glucose, monocarboxylates, myo-inositol and I^- [2-5]. Members of the SLC5 and SLC6 families, along with other unrelated Na⁺ cotransporters (i.e. Mhp1 and BetP), share a common structural core that contains an inverted repeat of 5TM α-helical domains [1].

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* Key recommended reading is highlighted with an asterisk

Abramson J, Wright EM. (2009) Structure and function of Na(+)-symporters with inverted repeats. Curr Opin Struct Biol, 19 (4): 425-32. [PMID:19631523]

Amenta F, Tayebati SK. (2008) Pathways of acetylcholine synthesis, transport and release as targets for treatment of adult-onset cognitive dysfunction. Curr Med Chem, 15 (5): 488-98. [PMID:18289004]

Bailey CJ. (2011) Renal glucose reabsorption inhibitors to treat diabetes. Trends Pharmacol Sci, 32 (2): 63-71. [PMID:21211857]

Bazalakova MH, Blakely RD. (2006) The high-affinity choline transporter: a critical protein for sustaining cholinergic signaling as revealed in studies of genetically altered mice. Handb Exp Pharmacol, (175): 525-44. [PMID:16722248]

Bizhanova A, Kopp P. (2009) Minireview: The sodium-iodide symporter NIS and pendrin in iodide homeostasis of the thyroid. Endocrinology, 150 (3): 1084-90. [PMID:19196800]

Bołdys A, Okopień B. (2009) Inhibitors of type 2 sodium glucose co-transporters--a new strategy for diabetes treatment. Pharmacol Rep, 61 (5): 778-84. [PMID:19904000]

Chao EC, Henry RR. (2010) SGLT2 inhibition--a novel strategy for diabetes treatment. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 9 (7): 551-9. [PMID:20508640]

Darrouzet E, Lindenthal S, Marcellin D, Pellequer JL, Pourcher T. (2014) The sodium/iodide symporter: state of the art of its molecular characterization. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1838 (1 Pt B): 244-53. [PMID:23988430]

* DeFronzo RA, Norton L, Abdul-Ghani M. (2017) Renal, metabolic and cardiovascular considerations of SGLT2 inhibition. Nat Rev Nephrol, 13 (1): 11-26. [PMID:27941935]

Ferguson SM, Blakely RD. (2004) The choline transporter resurfaces: new roles for synaptic vesicles?. Mol Interv, 4 (1): 22-37. [PMID:14993474]

Ganapathy V, Thangaraju M, Gopal E, Martin PM, Itagaki S, Miyauchi S, Prasad PD. (2008) Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporters in normal tissues and in cancer. AAPS J, 10 (1): 193-9. [PMID:18446519]

Ganapathy V, Thangaraju M, Prasad PD. (2009) Nutrient transporters in cancer: relevance to Warburg hypothesis and beyond. Pharmacol Ther, 121 (1): 29-40. [PMID:18992769]

Ghosh RK, Ghosh SM, Chawla S, Jasdanwala SA. (2012) SGLT2 inhibitors: a new emerging therapeutic class in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Pharmacol, 52 (4): 457-63. [PMID:21543663]

* Gyimesi G, Pujol-Giménez J, Kanai Y, Hediger MA. (2020) Sodium-coupled glucose transport, the SLC5 family, and therapeutically relevant inhibitors: from molecular discovery to clinical application. Pflugers Arch, 472 (9): 1177-1206. [PMID:32767111]

Haga T. (2014) Molecular properties of the high-affinity choline transporter CHT1. J Biochem, 156 (4): 181-94. [PMID:25073461]

Kinne RK, Castaneda F. (2011) SGLT inhibitors as new therapeutic tools in the treatment of diabetes. Handb Exp Pharmacol, (203): 105-26. [PMID:21484569]

* Koepsell H. (2017) The Na⁺-D-glucose cotransporters SGLT1 and SGLT2 are targets for the treatment of diabetes and cancer. Pharmacol Ther, 170: 148-165. [PMID:27773781]

* Lehmann A, Hornby PJ. (2016) Intestinal SGLT1 in metabolic health and disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 310 (11): G887-98. [PMID:27012770]

Okuda T, Haga T. (2003) High-affinity choline transporter. Neurochem Res, 28 (3-4): 483-8. [PMID:12675135]

Ribeiro FM, Black SA, Prado VF, Rylett RJ, Ferguson SS, Prado MA. (2006) The "ins" and "outs" of the high-affinity choline transporter CHT1. J Neurochem, 97 (1): 1-12. [PMID:16524384]

Sabino-Silva R, Mori RC, David-Silva A, Okamoto MM, Freitas HS, Machado UF. (2010) The Na(+)/glucose cotransporters: from genes to therapy. Braz J Med Biol Res, 43 (11): 1019-26. [PMID:21049241]

Said HM. (2009) Cell and molecular aspects of human intestinal biotin absorption. J Nutr, 139 (1): 158-62. [PMID:19056639]

Sarter M, Parikh V. (2005) Choline transporters, cholinergic transmission and cognition. Nat Rev Neurosci, 6 (1): 48-56. [PMID:15611726]

Uldry M, Thorens B. (2004) The SLC2 family of facilitated hexose and polyol transporters. Pflugers Arch, 447 (5): 480-9. [PMID:12750891]

Whalen K, Miller S, Onge ES. (2015) The Role of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Clin Ther, 37 (6): 1150-66. [PMID:25891804]

Wilding JP. (2014) The role of the kidneys in glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes: clinical implications and therapeutic significance through sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. Metab Clin Exp, 63 (10): 1228-37. [PMID:25104103]

* Wright EM. (2013) Glucose transport families SLC5 and SLC50. Mol Aspects Med, 34 (2-3): 183-96. [PMID:23506865]

* Wright EM, Loo DD, Hirayama BA. (2011) Biology of human sodium glucose transporters. Physiol Rev, 91 (2): 733-94. [PMID:21527736]

Wright EM, Loo DD, Hirayama BA, Turk E. (2004) Surprising versatility of Na+-glucose cotransporters: SLC5. Physiology (Bethesda), 19: 370-6. [PMID:15546855]

Wright EM, Turk E. (2004) The sodium/glucose cotransport family SLC5. Pflugers Arch, 447 (5): 510-8. [PMID:12748858]

1. Abramson J, Wright EM. (2009) Structure and function of Na(+)-symporters with inverted repeats. Curr Opin Struct Biol, 19 (4): 425-32. [PMID:19631523]

2. Ferguson SM, Blakely RD. (2004) The choline transporter resurfaces: new roles for synaptic vesicles?. Mol Interv, 4 (1): 22-37. [PMID:14993474]

3. Ganapathy V, Thangaraju M, Gopal E, Martin PM, Itagaki S, Miyauchi S, Prasad PD. (2008) Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporters in normal tissues and in cancer. AAPS J, 10 (1): 193-9. [PMID:18446519]

4. Wright EM, Loo DD, Hirayama BA. (2011) Biology of human sodium glucose transporters. Physiol Rev, 91 (2): 733-94. [PMID:21527736]

5. Wright EM, Turk E. (2004) The sodium/glucose cotransport family SLC5. Pflugers Arch, 447 (5): 510-8. [PMID:12748858]