GM-CSF   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 4942

Synonyms: colony-stimulating factor | CSF
Immunopharmacology Ligand
Compound class: Endogenous peptide in human, mouse or rat
Comment: GM-CSF as a target in inflammatory/autoimmune disease was reviewed by Hamilton (2015) [3].

COVID-19: In March 2021, results of the analysis of the inflammatory cytokine/chemokine profiles from COVID-19 patients (spanning the spectrum from mild to fatal disease) and archival samples from patients with severe influenza, identified elevated GM-CSF as a principal marker of severe COVID-19 immunopathology. Both IL-6 and GM-CSF elevations were detected as potent drivers of COVID-19 pathogenesis (associated with disease severity and coinciding with elevated markers of endothelial injury and thrombosis), GM-CSF distinguished COVID-19 from fatal influenza [8]. The findings from this study supports continued targeting of GM-CSF as a therapy for patients with severe COVID-19. Investigational anti-GM-CSF monoclonals that were repositioned for COVID-19 and entered into clinical trials in COVID-19 positive patients include lenzilumab, gimsilumab, otilimab and plonmarlimab [2].
Species: Human
Natural/Endogenous Targets
Target
colony stimulating factor 1 receptor
GM-CSF receptor, α subunit
Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor
Selectivity at catalytic receptors
Key to terms and symbols Click column headers to sort
Target Sp. Type Action Value Parameter Concentration range (M) Reference
GM-CSF receptor, α subunit Ligand is endogenous in the given species Hs Agonist Agonist - - -
⤷
colony stimulating factor 1 receptor Ligand is endogenous in the given species Hs None - - - -
⤷
Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor Ligand is endogenous in the given species Hs Agonist Agonist - - -
⤷
Other ligands which bind to or alter the activity of this ligand
Key to terms and symbols Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Type Action Value Parameter Concentration range (M) Reference
otilimab Peptide Primary target of this compound Hs Antibody Binding 11.1 pKd - 7
⤷ pKd 11.1 (Kd 7x10-12 M) [7]
Description: Binding affinity to immobilised recombinant human GM-CSF, determined using a BIACore SPR assay
gimsilumab Peptide Primary target of this compound Hs Antibody Binding 10.8 – 11.0 pKd - 6
⤷ pKd 10.8 – 11.0 (Kd 1.7x10-11 – 1.1x10-11 M) [6]
Description: Binding affinity to recombinant hGM-CSF measured by BIACORE surface plasmon resonance.
namilumab Peptide Primary target of this compound Hs Antibody Binding 10.3 pKd - 5
⤷ pKd 10.3 (Kd 4.6x10-11 M) [5]
lenzilumab Peptide Primary target of this compound Hs Antibody Binding >10.0 pKd - 1
⤷ pKd >10.0 (Kd <1x10-10 M) [1]
plonmarlimab Peptide Primary target of this compound Hs Antibody Binding 10.0 pKd - 10
⤷ pKd 10.0 (Kd 1x10-10 M) [10]
Description: Binding of clone Hu23F4-27 to hGM-CSF