bempedoic acid   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 8321

Synonyms: ESP-55016 | ETC-1002 | Nexletol® | Nilemdo®
Approved drug
bempedoic acid is an approved drug (EMA & FDA (2020))
Compound class: Synthetic organic
Comment: Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002) is an orally delivered non-statin drug for treating dyslipidemia and related cardiovascular disease, which offers an additional pharmaceutical strategy for statin-refractory or statin-intolerant patients [1,4,6]. Its novel mechanism of action makes it the first-in-class ATP citrate lyase (ACLY; P53396) inhibitor to reach the clinic [8]. Bempedoic acid is in fact a prodrug, as it must be converted to its active metabolite bempedoic acid-CoA by endogenous liver acyl-CoA synthetase. Bempedoic acid-CoA is the bona fide ACLY inhibitor. ACLY is the primary enzyme responsible for the synthesis of cytosolic acetyl-CoA, which in turn is required for de novo lipogenesis and cholesterogenesis, and its inhibition directly reduces cholesterol synthesis in the liver [3].
Click here for help

Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

✖

View interactive charts of activity data across species
2D Structure
Click here for help

2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

✖
Click here for structure editor
Physico-chemical Properties
Click here for help

Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the CDK toolkit. All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

✖
Hydrogen bond acceptors 5
Hydrogen bond donors 3
Rotatable bonds 14
Topological polar surface area 94.83
Molecular weight 344.26
XLogP 4.03
No. Lipinski's rules broken 1
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
Click here for help

SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

✖
Canonical SMILES OC(CCCCCC(C(=O)O)(C)C)CCCCCC(C(=O)O)(C)C
Isomeric SMILES OC(CCCCCC(C(=O)O)(C)C)CCCCCC(C(=O)O)(C)C
InChI InChI=1S/C19H36O5/c1-18(2,16(21)22)13-9-5-7-11-15(20)12-8-6-10-14-19(3,4)17(23)24/h15,20H,5-14H2,1-4H3,(H,21,22)(H,23,24)
InChI Key HYHMLYSLQUKXKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
References
1. Bilen O, Ballantyne CM. (2016)
Bempedoic Acid (ETC-1002): an Investigational Inhibitor of ATP Citrate Lyase.
Curr Atheroscler Rep, 18 (10): 61. [PMID:27663902]
2. Elshourbagy NA, Near JC, Kmetz PJ, Wells TN, Groot PH, Saxty BA, Hughes SA, Franklin M, Gloger IS. (1992)
Cloning and expression of a human ATP-citrate lyase cDNA.
Eur J Biochem, 204 (2): 491-9. [PMID:1371749]
3. Feng X, Zhang L, Xu S, Shen AZ. (2020)
ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis: An updated review.
Prog Lipid Res, 77: 101006. [PMID:31499095]
4. Honigberg MC, Natarajan P. (2019)
Bempedoic Acid for Lowering LDL Cholesterol.
JAMA, 322 (18): 1769-1771. [PMID:31714973]
5. Ray KK, Bays HE, Catapano AL, Lalwani ND, Bloedon LT, Sterling LR, Robinson PL, Ballantyne CM, CLEAR Harmony Trial. (2019)
Safety and Efficacy of Bempedoic Acid to Reduce LDL Cholesterol.
N Engl J Med, 380 (11): 1022-1032. [PMID:30865796]
6. Ray KK, Corral P, Morales E, Nicholls SJ. (2019)
Pharmacological lipid-modification therapies for prevention of ischaemic heart disease: current and future options.
Lancet, 394 (10199): 697-708. [PMID:31448741]
7. Saeed A, Ballantyne CM. (2018)
Bempedoic Acid (ETC-1002): A Current Review.
Cardiol Clin, 36 (2): 257-264. [PMID:29609755]
8. Zagelbaum NK, Yandrapalli S, Nabors C, Frishman WH. (2019)
Bempedoic Acid (ETC-1002): ATP Citrate Lyase Inhibitor: Review of a First-in-Class Medication with Potential Benefit in Statin-Refractory Cases.
Cardiol Rev, 27 (1): 49-56. [PMID:29939848]
9. Zhang L, Hu W, Qiu Z, Li Z, Bian J. (2023)
Opportunities and Challenges for Inhibitors Targeting Citrate Transport and Metabolism in Drug Discovery.
J Med Chem, 66 (14): 9229-9250. [PMID:37428122]