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Gene and Protein Information  |
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| Species | TM | P Loops | AA | Chromosomal Location | Gene Symbol | Gene Name | Reference |
| Human | 24 | 4 | 2221 | 12p13.33 | CACNA1C | calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C | |
| Mouse | 24 | 4 | 2139 | 6 55.86 cM | Cacna1c | calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit | |
| Rat | 24 | 4 | 2169 | 4q42 | Cacna1c | calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C | |
| Previous and Unofficial Names |
| α1C | cardiac or smooth muscle dihydropyridine receptor | cardiac or smooth muscle L-type Ca2+ channel | CACH2 | CACN2 | CACNL1A1 | LQT8 | calcium channel, L type, alpha-1 polypeptide, isoform 1, cardiac muscle | L-type calcium channel alpha-1 subunit | calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit | calcium channel |
| Database Links |
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| Alphafold | Q13936 (Hs), Q01815 (Mm), P22002 (Rn) |
| ChEMBL Target | CHEMBL1940 (Hs), CHEMBL2529 (Mm), CHEMBL3762 (Rn) |
| DrugBank Target | Q13936 (Hs) |
| Ensembl Gene | ENSG00000151067 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000051331 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000007090 (Rn) |
| Entrez Gene | 775 (Hs), 12288 (Mm), 24239 (Rn) |
| Human Protein Atlas | ENSG00000151067 (Hs) |
| KEGG Gene | hsa:775 (Hs), mmu:12288 (Mm), rno:24239 (Rn) |
| OMIM | 114205 (Hs) |
| Orphanet | ORPHA119140 (Hs) |
| Pharos | Q13936 (Hs) |
| RefSeq Nucleotide | NM_000719 (Hs), NM_001167625 (Hs), NM_009781 (Mm), NM_012517 (Rn) |
| RefSeq Protein | NP_000710 (Hs), NP_033911 (Mm), NP_036649 (Rn) |
| UniProtKB | Q13936 (Hs), Q01815 (Mm), P22002 (Rn) |
| Wikipedia | CACNA1C (Hs) |
| Associated Proteins |
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| Functional Characteristics |
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| L-type calcium current: High voltage-activated, voltage- and calcium-dependent inactivation | |
| Ion Selectivity and Conductance |
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| Voltage Dependence |
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| Voltage Dependence Comments | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| V0.5 for inactivation varies depending on prepulse duration (more negative after long prepulses); inactivation time course strongly depends on associated β subunit (slower inactivation with β2a) and on charge carrier (calcium-induced inactivation with Ca2+ as charge carrier). Activation and inactivation voltage are affected by alternative splicing. Splice variants preferentially expressed in vascular smooth muscle activate/inactivate at more hyperpolarized voltages. They underlie hyperpolarized window currents in smooth muscle and enhanced state-dependent inhibition by dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers [49]. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Download all structure-activity data for this target as a CSV file 
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| Inhibition by dihydropyridines (e.g. nifedipine or isradipine; [49,60,68]) is voltage-dependent with a higher apparent affinity at more depolarised potentials; phenylalkylamines (like devapamil; [40]) exhibit strong use-dependence with a higher apparent affinity at higher stimulation frequencies. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Channel Blocker Comments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amlodopine, isradipine, nifedipine, nitrendipine, and nimodipine are examples of dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonists. Verapamil is a phenylalkylamine calcium channel blocker. Diltiazem is a benzothiazepine calcium channel blocker. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Immunopharmacology Comments |
| Cav1.2 is implicated in Th2 cell function in asthma [75,89]. |
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| Tissue Distribution
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| Tissue Distribution Comments | ||||||||
| The physiological role of individual L-type channel isoforms for lymphocyte function not established. Additionally, truncated Cav1.2 protein has been detected in lymphocytes on protein level, however its function remains unknown [84]. | ||||||||
| Functional Assays
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| Physiological Consequences of Altering Gene Expression
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| Phenotypes, Alleles and Disease Models
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| Clinically-Relevant Mutations and Pathophysiology
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| Biologically Significant Variants
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| Biologically Significant Variant Comments | ||||||||
| Smooth muscle and cardiac splice variants exist which differ in their voltage-dependant inactivation properties [49]. Alterations in the splicing pattern was observed in human smooth muscle within atherosclerotic regions [88]. |
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target has curated data in GtoImmuPdb
