More information on this family may be found on the IUPHAR-DB family and introduction pages.
Prostanoid receptors (nomenclature agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Prostanoid Receptors, [16]) are activated by the endogenous ligands prostaglandins PGD2, PGE2 , PGF2α, PGH2, prostacyclin [PGI2] and thromboxane A2. Measurement of the potency of PGI2 and thromboxane A2 is hampered by their instability in physiological salt solution; they are often replaced by cicaprost and U46619, respectively, in receptor characterization studies.
Unless otherwise stated all data refer to the human proteins. Gene information is provided for human (Hs), mouse (Mm) and rat (Rn).
Receptors 
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ramatroban is also a TP receptor antagonist. cicaprost exhibits moderate EP4 receptor agonist potency [1]. iloprost also binds to EP1 receptors. The TP receptor exists in α and β isoforms due to alternative splicing of the cytoplasmic tail [48].
17-phenyl-ω-trinor-PGE2 also shows agonist activity at EP3 receptors. sulprostone also has affinity for EP1 receptors. butaprost and SC46275 may require de-esterification within tissues to attain full agonist potency. There is evidence for subtypes of FP [32], IP [62,68] and TP [30] receptors. mRNA for the EP1 and EP3 receptors undergo alternative splicing to produce two [45] and at least six variants, respectively, which can interfere with signalling [45] or generate complex patterns of G-protein (Gi/o, Gq/11, Gs and G12,13) coupling (e.g. [29,43]). The possibility of additional receptors for the isoprostanes has been suggested [47]. Receptors (prostamide F, which as yet lack a molecular correlate) that preferentially recognize PGF2-1-ethanolamide and its analogues (e.g. bimatoprost) have been identified, together with moderate-potency antagonists (e.g. AGN 211334) [69].
The free acid form of AL-12182, AL-12180, used in in vitro studies, has a EC50 value of 15nM which is the concentration of the compound giving half-maximal stimulation of IP turnover in HEK-293 cells expressing the human FP receptor [54].
References given alongside the TP receptor agonists I-BOP [38] and STA2 [5] use human platelets as the source of TP receptors for competition radio-ligand binding assays to determine the indicated activity values.