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Prolyl hydroxylases C
Unless otherwise stated all data on this page refer to the human proteins. Gene information is provided for human (Hs), mouse (Mm) and rat (Rn).
Overview
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Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are rapidly-responding sensors of reductions in local oxygen tensions, prompting changes in gene transcription. Listed here are the 4-prolyl hydroxylase family, members of which have been identified to hydroxylate proline residues in HIF1α (HIF1A; Q16665) leading to an increased degradation through proteasomal hydrolysis. This action requires molecular oxygen and 2-oxoglutarate, and so reduced oxygen tensions prevents HIF1α hydroxylation, allowing its translocation to the nucleus and dimerisation with HIF1β (also known as ARNT; P27540), thereby allowing interaction with the genome as a transcription factor.
Enzymes
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PHD1 (egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 2)
C
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PHD2 (egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1)
C
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PHD3 (egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 3)
C
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Further reading
How to cite this family page
Database page citation:
Prolyl hydroxylases. Accessed on 21/04/2026. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY, http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=900.
Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY citation:
Alexander SPH, Fabbro D, Gibb AJ, Kelly E, Mathie AA, Peach CJ, Veale EL, Armstrong JF, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Southan C, Davies JA et al. (2025) The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2025/26: Enzymes. Br J Pharmacol. 182: S307-S403.
