Hydrolases & Lipases C
Unless otherwise stated all data on this page refer to the human proteins. Gene information is provided for human (Hs), mouse (Mm) and rat (Rn).
Overview
Listed in this section are hydrolases not accumulated in other parts of the Concise Guide, such as monoacylglycerol lipase and acetylcholinesterase. Pancreatic lipase is the predominant mechanism of fat digestion in the alimentary system; its inhibition is associated with decreased fat absorption. CES1 is present at lower levels in the gut than CES2 (P23141), but predominates in the liver, where it is responsible for the hydrolysis of many aliphatic, aromatic and steroid esters. Hormone-sensitive lipase is also a relatively non-selective esterase associated with steroid ester hydrolysis and triglyceride metabolism, particularly in adipose tissue. Endothelial lipase is secreted from endothelial cells and regulates circulating cholesterol in high density lipoproteins.
Enzymes
3253
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AChE (acetylcholinesterase (Yt blood group))
C
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BChE (butyrylcholinesterase)
C
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DAGLα (diacylglycerol lipase α)
C
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DAGLβ (diacylglycerol lipase β)
C
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CES1 (carboxylesterase 1)
C
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NTPDase-1 (ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 / CD39)
C
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NTPDase-2 (ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2 / CD39L1)
C
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epoxide hydrolase 2
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FAAH (Fatty acid amide hydrolase)
C
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Leukotriene A4 hydrolase
C
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LIPE (lipase E, hormone sensitive type)
C
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LIPG (lipase G, endothelial type)
C
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MAGL (monoacylglycerol lipase)
C
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nudix hydrolase 7
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neuraminidase 1 Show summary »« Hide summary
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neuraminidase 2 Show summary »« Hide summary
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O-GlcNAcase
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PNLIP (pancreatic lipase)
C
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patatin like phospholipase domain containing 2 Show summary »« Hide summary
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PLA2-G7
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sPLA2-2A
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PLD2
C
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vanin 1
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Further reading
* Key recommended reading is highlighted with an asterisk
Allard B, Longhi MS, Robson SC, Stagg J. (2017) The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73: Novel checkpoint inhibitor targets. Immunol Rev, 276 (1): 121-144. [PMID:28258700]
* Coleman RA. (2020) The "discovery" of lipid droplets: A brief history of organelles hidden in plain sight. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids, 1865 (9): 158762. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158762 [PMID:32622088]
* Haas CB, Lovászi M, Braganhol E, Pacher P, Haskó G. (2021) Ectonucleotidases in Inflammation, Immunity, and Cancer. J Immunol, 206 (9): 1983-1990. [PMID:33879578]
* Kishore BK, Robson SC, Dwyer KM. (2018) CD39-adenosinergic axis in renal pathophysiology and therapeutics. Purinergic Signal, 14 (2): 109-120. [PMID:29332180]
* Lan L, Ren X, Yang J, Liu D, Zhang C. (2020) Detection techniques of carboxylesterase activity: An update review. Bioorg Chem, 94: 103388. [PMID:31676115]
Markey GM. (2011) Carboxylesterase 1 (Ces1): from monocyte marker to major player. J Clin Pathol, 64 (2): 107-9. [PMID:21177752]
Rasmussen HB, Madsen MB, INDICES Consortium. (2018) Carboxylesterase 1 genes: systematic review and evaluation of existing genotyping procedures. Drug Metab Pers Ther, 33 (1): 3-14. [PMID:29427553]
Takenaka MC, Robson S, Quintana FJ. (2016) Regulation of the T Cell Response by CD39. Trends Immunol, 37 (7): 427-439. [PMID:27236363]
* Zimmermann H. (2021) Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases and ecto-5'-nucleotidase in purinergic signaling: how the field developed and where we are now. Purinergic Signal, 17 (1): 117-125. [PMID:33336318]
* Zou LW, Jin Q, Wang DD, Qian QK, Hao DC, Ge GB, Yang L. (2018) Carboxylesterase Inhibitors: An Update. Curr Med Chem, 25 (14): 1627-1649. [PMID:29210644]
References
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23. Habib AM, Okorokov AL, Hill MN, Bras JT, Lee MC, Li S, Gossage SJ, van Drimmelen M, Morena M, Houlden H et al.. (2019) Microdeletion in a FAAH pseudogene identified in a patient with high anandamide concentrations and pain insensitivity. Br J Anaesth, 123 (2): e249-e253. DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.02.019 [PMID:30929760]
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NC-IUPHAR subcommittee and family contributors
Subcommittee members:
Anthony J. Turner
David Fairlie
Christopher M. Overall
Neil Rawlings
Christopher Southan |
Other contributors:
Stephen P.H. Alexander
Patrick Doherty
Christopher J. Fowler |
How to cite this family page
Database page citation (select format):
Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY citation:
Alexander SPH, Fabbro D, Kelly E, Mathie AA, Peters JA, Veale EL, Armstrong JF, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Davies JA et al. (2023) The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24: Enzymes. Br J Pharmacol. 180 Suppl 2:S289-373.
