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Aquaporins C
Unless otherwise stated all data on this page refer to the human proteins. Gene information is provided for human (Hs), mouse (Mm) and rat (Rn).
Overview
Aquaporins and aquaglyceroporins are membrane channels that allow the permeation of water and certain other small solutes across the cell membrane. Since the isolation and cloning of the first aquaporin (AQP1) [16], 12 additional members of the family have been identified, although little is known about the functional properties of two of these (AQP11; Q8NBQ7 and AQP12A; Q8IXF9). The other 11 aquaporins can be divided into two families (aquaporins and aquaglyceroporins) depending on whether they are permeable to glycerol [11]. One or more members of this family of proteins have been found to be expressed in almost all tissues of the body. Individual AQP subunits have six transmembrane domains with an inverted symmetry between the first three and last three domains [2]. Functional AQPs exist as tetramers but, unusually, each subunit contains a separate pore, so each channel has four pores.
Channels and Subunits
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AQP0 C Show summary »« Hide summary
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AQP1 C Show summary »« Hide summary
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AQP2 C Show summary »« Hide summary
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AQP3 C Show summary »« Hide summary
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AQP4 C Show summary »« Hide summary
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AQP5 C Show summary »« Hide summary
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AQP6 C Show summary »« Hide summary
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AQP7 C Show summary »« Hide summary
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AQP8 C Show summary »« Hide summary
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AQP9 C Show summary »« Hide summary
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AQP10 C Show summary »« Hide summary |
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AQP11 Show summary »« Hide summary
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Further reading
* Key recommended reading is highlighted with an asterisk
* Agre P. (2006) The aquaporin water channels. Proc Am Thorac Soc, 3 (1): 5-13. [PMID:16493146]
* Agre P, King LS, Yasui M, Guggino WB, Ottersen OP, Fujiyoshi Y, Engel A, Nielsen S. (2002) Aquaporin water channels--from atomic structure to clinical medicine. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 542 (Pt 1): 3-16. [PMID:12096044]
Babey M, Kopp P, Robertson GL. (2011) Familial forms of diabetes insipidus: clinical and molecular characteristics. Nat Rev Endocrinol, 7 (12): 701-14. [PMID:21727914]
* Beitz E, Golldack A, Rothert M, von Bülow J. (2015) Challenges and achievements in the therapeutic modulation of aquaporin functionality. Pharmacol. Ther., 155: 22-35. [PMID:26277280]
Bockenhauer D, Bichet DG. (2015) Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Nat Rev Nephrol, 11 (10): 576-88. [PMID:26077742]
* Carbrey JM, Agre P. (2009) Discovery of the aquaporins and development of the field. Handb Exp Pharmacol, (190): 3-28. [PMID:19096770]
Castle NA. (2005) Aquaporins as targets for drug discovery. Drug Discov. Today, 10 (7): 485-93. [PMID:15809194]
de Groot BL, Grubmüller H. (2005) The dynamics and energetics of water permeation and proton exclusion in aquaporins. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol., 15 (2): 176-83. [PMID:15837176]
Frigeri A, Nicchia GP, Svelto M. (2007) Aquaporins as targets for drug discovery. Curr. Pharm. Des., 13 (23): 2421-7. [PMID:17692010]
* Geng X, Yang B. (2017) Transport Characteristics of Aquaporins. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 969: 51-62. [PMID:28258565]
* Ishibashi K, Hara S, Kondo S. (2009) Aquaporin water channels in mammals. Clin. Exp. Nephrol., 13 (2): 107-17. [PMID:19085041]
Jeyaseelan K, Sepramaniam S, Armugam A, Wintour EM. (2006) Aquaporins: a promising target for drug development. Expert Opin. Ther. Targets, 10 (6): 889-909. [PMID:17105375]
Kimelberg HK. (2004) Water homeostasis in the brain: basic concepts. Neuroscience, 129 (4): 851-60. [PMID:15561403]
King LS, Kozono D, Agre P. (2004) From structure to disease: the evolving tale of aquaporin biology. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 5 (9): 687-98. [PMID:15340377]
* Kitchen P, Day RE, Salman MM, Conner MT, Bill RM, Conner AC. (2015) Beyond water homeostasis: Diverse functional roles of mammalian aquaporins. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1850 (12): 2410-21. [PMID:26365508]
Papadopoulos MC, Verkman AS. (2013) Aquaporin water channels in the nervous system. Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 14 (4): 265-77. [PMID:23481483]
Rojek A, Praetorius J, Frøkiaer J, Nielsen S, Fenton RA. (2008) A current view of the mammalian aquaglyceroporins. Annu. Rev. Physiol., 70: 301-27. [PMID:17961083]
Takeda T, Taguchi D. (2009) Aquaporins as potential drug targets for Meniere's disease and its related diseases. Handb Exp Pharmacol, (190): 171-84. [PMID:19096777]
* Tesse A, Grossini E, Tamma G, Brenner C, Portincasa P, Marinelli RA, Calamita G. (2018) Aquaporins as Targets of Dietary Bioactive Phytocompounds. Front Mol Biosci, 5: 30. [PMID:29721498]
* Tradtrantip L, Jin BJ, Yao X, Anderson MO, Verkman AS. (2017) Aquaporin-Targeted Therapeutics: State-of-the-Field. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 969: 239-250. [PMID:28258578]
Verkman AS. (2009) Aquaporins: translating bench research to human disease. J. Exp. Biol., 212 (Pt 11): 1707-15. [PMID:19448080]
Wang F, Feng XC, Li YM, Yang H, Ma TH. (2006) Aquaporins as potential drug targets. Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 27 (4): 395-401. [PMID:16539837]
* Yang B. (2017) Aquaporins. In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Edited by Yang B (Springer) 1-276. [ISBN:9789402410570]
References
1. Bienert GP, Chaumont F. (2014) Aquaporin-facilitated transmembrane diffusion of hydrogen peroxide. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1840 (5): 1596-604. [PMID:24060746]
2. Castle NA. (2005) Aquaporins as targets for drug discovery. Drug Discov. Today, 10 (7): 485-93. [PMID:15809194]
3. Garneau AP, Carpentier GA, Marcoux AA, Frenette-Cotton R, Simard CF, Rémus-Borel W, Caron L, Jacob-Wagner M, Noël M, Powell JJ et al.. (2015) Aquaporins Mediate Silicon Transport in Humans. PLoS ONE, 10 (8): e0136149. [PMID:26313002]
4. Geyer RR, Musa-Aziz R, Qin X, Boron WF. (2013) Relative CO(2)/NH(3) selectivities of mammalian aquaporins 0-9. Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol., 304 (10): C985-94. [PMID:23485707]
5. Herrera M, Hong NJ, Garvin JL. (2006) Aquaporin-1 transports NO across cell membranes. Hypertension, 48 (1): 157-64. [PMID:16682607]
6. Holm LM, Jahn TP, Møller AL, Schjoerring JK, Ferri D, Klaerke DA, Zeuthen T. (2005) NH3 and NH4+ permeability in aquaporin-expressing Xenopus oocytes. Pflugers Arch., 450 (6): 415-28. [PMID:15988592]
7. Holm LM, Klaerke DA, Zeuthen T. (2004) Aquaporin 6 is permeable to glycerol and urea. Pflugers Arch., 448 (2): 181-6. [PMID:14985982]
8. Ishibashi K, Kuwahara M, Gu Y, Kageyama Y, Tohsaka A, Suzuki F, Marumo F, Sasaki S. (1997) Cloning and functional expression of a new water channel abundantly expressed in the testis permeable to water, glycerol, and urea. J. Biol. Chem., 272 (33): 20782-6. [PMID:9252401]
9. Ishibashi K, Morinaga T, Kuwahara M, Sasaki S, Imai M. (2002) Cloning and identification of a new member of water channel (AQP10) as an aquaglyceroporin. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1576 (3): 335-40. [PMID:12084581]
10. Kaldenhoff R, Kai L, Uehlein N. (2014) Aquaporins and membrane diffusion of CO2 in living organisms. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1840 (5): 1592-5. [PMID:24141139]
11. King LS, Kozono D, Agre P. (2004) From structure to disease: the evolving tale of aquaporin biology. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 5 (9): 687-98. [PMID:15340377]
12. Kitchen P, Day RE, Salman MM, Conner MT, Bill RM, Conner AC. (2015) Beyond water homeostasis: Diverse functional roles of mammalian aquaporins. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1850 (12): 2410-21. [PMID:26365508]
13. Ma T, Yang B, Verkman AS. (1997) Cloning of a novel water and urea-permeable aquaporin from mouse expressed strongly in colon, placenta, liver, and heart. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 240 (2): 324-8. [PMID:9388476]
14. Madeira A, Fernández-Veledo S, Camps M, Zorzano A, Moura TF, Ceperuelo-Mallafré V, Vendrell J, Soveral G. (2014) Human aquaporin-11 is a water and glycerol channel and localizes in the vicinity of lipid droplets in human adipocytes. Obesity (Silver Spring), 22 (9): 2010-7. [PMID:24845055]
15. Martins AP, Marrone A, Ciancetta A, Galán Cobo A, Echevarría M, Moura TF, Re N, Casini A, Soveral G. (2012) Targeting aquaporin function: potent inhibition of aquaglyceroporin-3 by a gold-based compound. PLoS ONE, 7 (5): e37435. [PMID:22624030]
16. Preston GM, Carroll TP, Guggino WB, Agre P. (1992) Appearance of water channels in Xenopus oocytes expressing red cell CHIP28 protein. Science, 256 (5055): 385-7. [PMID:1373524]
17. Rambow J, Wu B, Rönfeldt D, Beitz E. (2014) Aquaporins with anion/monocarboxylate permeability: mechanisms, relevance for pathogen-host interactions. Front Pharmacol, 5: 199. [PMID:25225485]
18. Wang Y, Tajkhorshid E. (2010) Nitric oxide conduction by the brain aquaporin AQP4. Proteins, 78 (3): 661-70. [PMID:19842162]
19. Watanabe S, Moniaga CS, Nielsen S, Hara-Chikuma M. (2016) Aquaporin-9 facilitates membrane transport of hydrogen peroxide in mammalian cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 471 (1): 191-7. [PMID:26837049]
20. Yang B, Verkman AS. (1997) Water and glycerol permeabilities of aquaporins 1-5 and MIP determined quantitatively by expression of epitope-tagged constructs in Xenopus oocytes. J. Biol. Chem., 272 (26): 16140-6. [PMID:9195910]
NC-IUPHAR subcommittee and family contributors
Subcommittee members:
Alex C. Conner (Chairperson) |
How to cite this family page
Database page citation:
Alex C. Conner. Aquaporins. Accessed on 20/03/2019. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY, http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=119.
Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY citation:
Alexander SPH, Kelly E, Marrion NV, Peters JA, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Southan C, Davies JA; CGTP Collaborators. (2017) The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18: Other ion channels. Br J Pharmacol. 174 Suppl 1: S195-S207.
