Succinate receptor C
Unless otherwise stated all data on this page refer to the human proteins. Gene information is provided for human (Hs), mouse (Mm) and rat (Rn).
Overview
« Hide
More detailed introduction 
Nomenclature as recommended by NC-IUPHAR [1]. The succinate receptor (GPR91, SUCNR1) is activated by the tricarboxylic acid (or Krebs) cycle intermediate succinate and other dicarboxylic acids with less clear physiological relevance such as maleate [6]. Since its pairing with its endogenous ligand in 2004, intense research has focused on the receptor-ligand pair role in various (patho)physiological processes such as regulation of renin production [6,21], ischemia injury [6], fibrosis [11], retinal angiogenesis [17], inflammation [10-11], immune response [16], obesity [8,12,25], diabetes [9,21,24], platelet aggregation [19-20] or cancer [13,27]. The succinate receptor is coupled to Gi/o [3,6] and Gq/11 protein families [6,15,22]. Although the receptor is, upon ligand addition, rapidly desensitized [7,15], and in some cells internalized [6], it seems to recruit arrestins weakly [2]. The cellular activation of the succinate receptor triggers various signalling pathways such as decrease of cAMP levels, [Ca2+]i mobilization and activation of kinases (ERK, c-Jun, Akt, Src, p38, PI3Kβ, etc.) [4]. The receptor is broadly expressed but is notably abundant in immune cells (M2 macrophages [8,22], monocytes [16], immature dendritic cells [16], adipocytes [25], platelets [19-20], etc.) and in the kidney [6].
Receptors
|
succinate receptor
C
Show summary »
More detailed page |
Comments
Further reading
How to cite this family page
Database page citation (select format):
Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY citation:
Alexander SP, Christopoulos A, Davenport AP, Kelly E, Mathie A, Peters JA, Veale EL et al. (2021) THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22: G protein-coupled receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 176 Suppl 1:S27-S156.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
In humans, there is the possibility of two open-reading frames (ORFs) for SUCNR1, one giving a protein of 330 amino acids (AA) and the other one 334-AA. Wittenberger et al. [26] noted that the 330-AA protein was more likely to be expressed given the Kozak sequence surrounding the second ATG. Some databases report SUCNR1 as being 334-AA long.