Human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) proteins

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Human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) proteins

Unless otherwise stated all data on this page refer to the human proteins. Gene information is provided for human (Hs), mouse (Mm) and rat (Rn).

Overview

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Endogenous retrovirus (ERV) genes [8] are elements of ancient exogenous retroviruses that have been retained and selectively preserved in the human germline [2]. Their protein products play roles in normal physiological processes and in disease pathology.

Targets

endogenous retrovirus group W member 1, envelope Show summary »« Hide summary

Target Id

3182

Nomenclature

endogenous retrovirus group W member 1, envelope

Previous and unofficial names

HERV-W-ENV | HERV-W Env glycoprotein | syncytin-1 | multiple sclerosis-associated retrovirus (MSRV) | HERV-7q

Genes

ERVW-1 (Hs)

Ensembl ID

ENSG00000242950 (Hs)

UniProtKB AC

Q9UQF0 (Hs)

Antibodies

temelimab (Binding) pK_d 8.7 [4]

Comment

An ancient retroviral gene that is integrated into the human genome, and the expressed HERV-W ENV protein retains its original fusogenic activity. Expressed in the placenta where it is involved in trophoblast fusion and syncytium formation [2]. Evidence indicates that it plays immunopathogenic roles in inflammatory and neurological diseases [6] and is associated with the development of multiple sclerosis [5] and type 1 diabetes [7]. HERV-W ENV can be activated by exogenous viruses [3]; elevated expression has been detected in T cells from COVID-19 patients [1].

References

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1. Balestrieri E, Minutolo A, Petrone V, Fanelli M, Iannetta M, Malagnino V, Zordan M, Vitale P, Charvet B, Horvat B et al.. (2021) Evidence of the pathogenic HERV-W envelope expression in T lymphocytes in association with the respiratory outcome of COVID-19 patients. EBioMedicine, 66: 103341. [PMID:33867312]

2. Blond JL, Besème F, Duret L, Bouton O, Bedin F, Perron H, Mandrand B, Mallet F. (1999) Molecular characterization and placental expression of HERV-W, a new human endogenous retrovirus family. J Virol, 73 (2): 1175-85. [PMID:9882319]

3. Charvet B, Reynaud JM, Gourru-Lesimple G, Perron H, Marche PN, Horvat B. (2018) Induction of Proinflammatory Multiple Sclerosis-Associated Retrovirus Envelope Protein by Human Herpesvirus-6A and CD46 Receptor Engagement. Front Immunol, 9: 2803. [PMID:30574140]

4. Curtin F, Perron H, Kromminga A, Porchet H, Lang AB. (2015) Preclinical and early clinical development of GNbAC1, a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody targeting endogenous retroviral MSRV-Env protein. MAbs, 7 (1): 265-75. [PMID:25427053]

5. Diebold M, Derfuss T. (2019) The monoclonal antibody GNbAC1: targeting human endogenous retroviruses in multiple sclerosis. Ther Adv Neurol Disord, 12: 1756286419833574. [PMID:30873219]

6. Küry P, Nath A, Créange A, Dolei A, Marche P, Gold J, Giovannoni G, Hartung HP, Perron H. (2018) Human Endogenous Retroviruses in Neurological Diseases. Trends Mol Med, 24 (4): 379-394. [PMID:29551251]

7. Levet S, Medina J, Joanou J, Demolder A, Queruel N, Réant K, Normand M, Seffals M, Dimier J, Germi R et al.. (2017) An ancestral retroviral protein identified as a therapeutic target in type-1 diabetes. JCI Insight, 2 (17). [PMID:28878130]

8. Mayer J, Blomberg J, Seal RL. (2011) A revised nomenclature for transcribed human endogenous retroviral loci. Mob DNA, 2 (1): 7. [PMID:21542922]

How to cite this family page

Database page citation:

Human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) proteins. Accessed on 20/04/2024. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY, http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=1066.

Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY citation:

Alexander SPH, Kelly E, Mathie AA, Peters JA, Veale EL, Armstrong JF, Buneman OP, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Spedding M, Cidlowski JA, Fabbro D, Davenport AP, Striessnig J, Davies JA et al. (2023) The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24: Introduction and Other Protein Targets. Br J Pharmacol. 180 Suppl 2:S1-22.