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NF-kappa B TF proteins

Unless otherwise stated all data on this page refer to the human proteins. Gene information is provided for human (Hs), mouse (Mm) and rat (Rn).

Overview

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NF-κB transcription factors (TFs) are homo- or heterodimeric complexes containing NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, NFKB2/p52, REL, RELA/p65, and/or RELB proteins. They bind to κ-B sites in the DNA of their target genes to regulate the expression of genes that influence biological process including immune and inflammatory responses (cytokine production), development, growth, survival, and apoptosis. The different dimers are selective for κ-B sites, and act as transcriptional repressors or activators. The most abundant NF-κB transcriptional activator is the heterodimer containing NFKB1 and RELA. The RELA-REL complex is also an activator.
NF-κB activity is tightly regulated. An inactive state is maintained by interactions between transcriptionally active complexes and inhibitory proteins of the NF-κB inhibitor (I-κB) family. In turn the I-κBs are regulated by phosphorylation (catalysed by kinases IKKα and IKKβ) which promotes ubiquitin dependent degradation. Removal of the I-κBs disinhibits NF-κB TFs which then translocate into the nucleus to drive transcription of target genes. Dysregulated NF-κB pathway activity is associated with human diseases.

Targets

3281
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nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Show summary »


Target Id 3281
Nomenclature nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1
Previous and unofficial names NF-kB1 | NFKB-p50 | Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit
Genes NFKB1 (Hs), Nfkb1 (Mm), Nfkb1 (Rn)
Ensembl ID ENSG00000109320 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000028163 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000023258 (Rn)
UniProtKB AC P19838 (Hs), P25799 (Mm)
Comment The human gene encodes a 105 kD protein. This is cotranslationally processed to produce an active 50 kD protein, but both isoforms have independent functions [2,2,5]. NF-κB p50 dimerises with RELA (p65) to form the most abundant of the NF-κB transcription factors that promotes expression of genes involved in immune response and acute phase responses to infection and tissue trauma.

nuclear factor kappa B subunit 2 Show summary »

REL proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Show summary »

RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Show summary »

RELB proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Show summary »

References

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How to cite this family page

Database page citation:

NF-kappa B TF proteins. Accessed on 13/02/2025. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY, http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=1099.

Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY citation:

Alexander SPH, Kelly E, Mathie AA, Peters JA, Veale EL, Armstrong JF, Buneman OP, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Spedding M, Cidlowski JA, Fabbro D, Davenport AP, Striessnig J, Davies JA et al. (2023) The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24: Introduction and Other Protein Targets. Br J Pharmacol. 180 Suppl 2:S1-22.