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Unless otherwise stated all data on this page refer to the human proteins. Gene information is provided for human (Hs), mouse (Mm) and rat (Rn).
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More detailed introduction
MAP kinase kinase kinase kinases (MAP4Ks) belong to the mammalian STE20-like family of serine/threonine kinases. Four members of the family (MAP4K1/HPK1, MAP4K2/GCK, MAP4K3/GLK or KHS2 and MAP4K5/KHS1) are included in this KHS subfamily, whilst the fifth member (MAP4K4/HGK) resides in the MSN subfamily. The functions of the MAP4Ks in immunity and inflammation are reviewed by Chuang et al. (2016) [1]. MAP4Ks have been identified as therapeutic targets for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) [2].
HPK1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 1)
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GCK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 2)
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KHS2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 3)
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KHS1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 5)
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Database page citation:
KHS subfamily. Accessed on 02/07/2025. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY, http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=543.
Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY citation:
Alexander SPH, Fabbro D, Kelly E, Mathie AA, Peters JA, Veale EL, Armstrong JF, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Davies JA et al. (2023) The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24: Enzymes. Br J Pharmacol. 180 Suppl 2:S289-373.
Inhibiting MAP4Ks preserves motor neurons in an ALS mouse model [2].