Retinoid X receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Nuclear Hormone Receptors [5]) are NR2B family members activated by alitretinoin and the RXR-selective agonists bexarotene and LG100268, sometimes referred to as rexinoids. UVI3003 [8] and HX 531 [4] have been described as a pan-RXR antagonists. These receptors form RXR-RAR heterodimers and RXR-RXR homodimers [3,7].

* Key recommended reading is highlighted with an asterisk

Bour G, Lalevée S, Rochette-Egly C. (2007) Protein kinases and the proteasome join in the combinatorial control of transcription by nuclear retinoic acid receptors. Trends Cell Biol., 17 (6): 302-9. [PMID:17467991]

Dominguez M, Alvarez S, de Lera AR. (2017) Natural and Structure-based RXR Ligand Scaffolds and Their Functions. Curr Top Med Chem, 17 (6): 631-662. [PMID:27320335]

Duong V, Rochette-Egly C. (2011) The molecular physiology of nuclear retinoic acid receptors. From health to disease. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1812 (8): 1023-31. [PMID:20970498]

Evans RM, Mangelsdorf DJ. (2014) Nuclear Receptors, RXR, and the Big Bang. Cell, 157 (1): 255-66. [PMID:24679540]

Gerbal-Chaloin S, Iankova I, Maurel P, Daujat-Chavanieu M. (2013) Nuclear receptors in the cross-talk of drug metabolism and inflammation. Drug Metab. Rev., 45 (1): 122-44. [PMID:23330545]

* Germain P, Chambon P, Eichele G, Evans RM, Lazar MA, Leid M, De Lera AR, Lotan R, Mangelsdorf DJ, Gronemeyer H. (2006) International Union of Pharmacology. LXIII. Retinoid X receptors. Pharmacol. Rev., 58 (4): 760-72. [PMID:17132853]

Lefebvre P, Benomar Y, Staels B. (2010) Retinoid X receptors: common heterodimerization partners with distinct functions. Trends Endocrinol. Metab., 21 (11): 676-83. [PMID:20674387]

* Long MD, Sucheston-Campbell LE, Campbell MJ. (2015) Vitamin D receptor and RXR in the post-genomic era. J. Cell. Physiol., 230 (4): 758-66. [PMID:25335912]

Maden M. (2007) Retinoic acid in the development, regeneration and maintenance of the nervous system. Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 8 (10): 755-65. [PMID:17882253]

Mark M, Ghyselinck NB, Chambon P. (2006) Function of retinoid nuclear receptors: lessons from genetic and pharmacological dissections of the retinoic acid signaling pathway during mouse embryogenesis. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 46: 451-80. [PMID:16402912]

* Menéndez-Gutiérrez MP, Ricote M. (2017) The multi-faceted role of retinoid X receptor in bone remodeling. Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 74 (12): 2135-2149. [PMID:28105491]

Pérez E, Bourguet W, Gronemeyer H, de Lera AR. (2012) Modulation of RXR function through ligand design. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1821 (1): 57-69. [PMID:21515403]

Wagner CE, Jurutka PW, Marshall PA, Heck MC. (2017) Retinoid X Receptor Selective Agonists and their Synthetic Methods. Curr Top Med Chem, 17 (6): 742-767. [PMID:27320333]

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5. Germain P, Chambon P, Eichele G, Evans RM, Lazar MA, Leid M, De Lera AR, Lotan R, Mangelsdorf DJ, Gronemeyer H. (2006) International Union of Pharmacology. LXIII. Retinoid X receptors. Pharmacol. Rev., 58 (4): 760-72. [PMID:17132853]

6. Germain P, Iyer J, Zechel C, Gronemeyer H. (2002) Co-regulator recruitment and the mechanism of retinoic acid receptor synergy. Nature, 415 (6868): 187-92. [PMID:11805839]

7. Mangelsdorf DJ, Evans RM. (1995) The RXR heterodimers and orphan receptors. Cell, 83 (6): 841-50. [PMID:8521508]

8. Nahoum V, Pérez E, Germain P, Rodríguez-Barrios F, Manzo F, Kammerer S, Lemaire G, Hirsch O, Royer CA, Gronemeyer H et al.. (2007) Modulators of the structural dynamics of the retinoid X receptor to reveal receptor function. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 104 (44): 17323-8. [PMID:17947383]

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