larazotide   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 13724

Synonyms: AT-1001 | AT-2347 | AT1001 | AT2347
Compound class: Peptide
Comment: Larazotide (AT1001) is an eight amino acid oligopeptide. Its sequence is derived from the zonula occludens toxin that is secreted by Vibrio cholerae. In human tissues larazotide acts to restore the intercellular tight junction complex [1-2] and regulates epithelial and endothelial permeability by antagonising the effects of zonulin on the tight junction protein 1 (TJP1). Larazotide was proposed for potential therapeutic application in celiac disease where tight junctions and intestinal permeability are dysregulated [3-5].
2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)

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Canonical SMILES CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)CN
Isomeric SMILES CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)CN
InChI InChI=1S/C32H55N9O10/c1-16(2)12-20(38-30(49)26(17(3)4)39-24(44)14-35-23(43)13-33)28(47)40-27(18(5)6)31(50)37-19(9-10-22(34)42)32(51)41-11-7-8-21(41)29(48)36-15-25(45)46/h16-21,26-27H,7-15,33H2,1-6H3,(H2,34,42)(H,35,43)(H,36,48)(H,37,50)(H,38,49)(H,39,44)(H,40,47)(H,45,46)/t19-,20-,21-,26-,27-/m0/s1
InChI Key ORFLZNAGUTZRLQ-ZMBVWFSWSA-N

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)
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Summary of Clinical Use Click here for help
Larazotide was initially investigated in clinical trials to determine safety and efficacy as a treatment for Coeliac disease [3-4], but development was discontinued at phase 3. It has subsequently been repositioned for potential to treat long COVID.
Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial ID Title Type Source Comment References
NCT05747534 AT1001 for the Treatment of Long COVID Phase 2 Interventional Massachusetts General Hospital
NCT01396213 A Double-blind Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate Larazotide Acetate for the Treatment of Celiac Disease Phase 2 Interventional 9 Meters Biopharma, Inc.