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Gene and Protein Information  |
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| Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor | ||||||
| Species | TM | AA | Chromosomal Location | Gene Symbol | Gene Name | Reference |
| Human | 7 | 963 | 9q33.3 | ADGRD2 | adhesion G protein-coupled receptor D2 | |
| Mouse | 7 | - | 2 B | Adgrd2-ps | adhesion G protein-coupled receptor D2, pseudogene | |
| Previous and Unofficial Names |
| adhesion G protein-coupled receptor D2 | adhesion G protein-coupled receptor D2, pseudogene | GPR144 (G protein-coupled receptor 144) | PGR24 |
| Database Links |
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| Specialist databases | |
| GPCRdb | agrd2_human (Hs) |
| Other databases | |
| Alphafold | Q7Z7M1 (Hs) |
| ChEMBL Target | CHEMBL4523880 (Hs) |
| Ensembl Gene | ENSG00000180264 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000083722 (Mm) |
| Entrez Gene | 347088 (Hs) |
| Human Protein Atlas | ENSG00000180264 (Hs) |
| KEGG Gene | hsa:347088 (Hs) |
| Pharos | Q7Z7M1 (Hs) |
| UniProtKB | Q7Z7M1 (Hs) |
| Wikipedia | ADGRD2 (Hs) |
| Primary Transduction Mechanisms
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| Transducer | Effector/Response |
| G protein (identity unknown) | |
| Comments: Predicted to transduce signal through G proteins based on sequence signatures [3]. However, studies on several different adhesion GPCRs have provided evidence that these receptors are in fact authentic G protein-coupled receptors. Adhesion GPCRs with experimentally verified G-protein coupling includes ADGRG1 [6], ADGRD1 [2] and ADGRG6 [8]. Recent reviews [10] and adhesion GPCR consortium meeting report [1] addressed the issues to unravel the signal transduction of adhesion GPCRs and provided further preliminary evidences [5] for other adhesion GPCRs to transduce signal through G proteins. | |
| References: | |
| Secondary Transduction Mechanisms |
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| Transducer | Effector/Response |
| G protein (identity unknown) | |
| References: | |
| Tissue Distribution
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| General Comments |
| ADGRD2 (formerly GPR144) is an orphan receptor belonging to Family V Adhesion-GPCRs together with ADGRD1 (formerly GPR133) [3]. ADGRD1 and ADGRD2 are the Adhesion-GPCRs most closely related to the Secretin class of GPCRs [9]. A search for homologs in the invertebrates like ciona and amphioxus revealed that ADGRD1 and ADGRD2 are well conserved in pre-vertebrate genomes [7,9]. Adgrd2 is a pseudogene in Mus musculus. ADGRD2 contains a pentraxin (PTX) domain and a GPCR proteolysis site (GPS) motif. The PTX domain has previously been found in one other Adhesion-GPCR (ADGRG4, previously GPR112). ADGRG4 is, together with CELSR1-3 and VLGR1 (now known as ADGRV1), one the largest Adhesion-GPCRs. The PTX domain in ADGRD2 is only 33% similar to the PTX domain in ADGRG4. ADGRG4 belongs to a different phylogenetic cluster as ADGRD2 and these receptors are not particularly similar, sharing about 36–40% amino acid identity in the TM regions. The PTX domains are found in a number of other proteins and consist of up to five non-covalently bound identical subunits that are arranged in a flat pentameric disk. |
1. Araç D, Aust G, Calebiro D, Engel FB, Formstone C, Goffinet A, Hamann J, Kittel RJ, Liebscher I, Lin HH et al.. (2012) Dissecting signaling and functions of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1276: 1-25. [PMID:23215895]
2. Bohnekamp J, Schöneberg T. (2011) Cell adhesion receptor GPR133 couples to Gs protein. J Biol Chem, 286 (49): 41912-6. [PMID:22025619]
3. Fredriksson R, Gloriam DE, Höglund PJ, Lagerström MC, Schiöth HB. (2003) There exist at least 30 human G-protein-coupled receptors with long Ser/Thr-rich N-termini. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 301 (3): 725-34. [PMID:12565841]
4. GTExPortal. Gene Page ADGRD2. Accessed on 29/09/2020. Modified on 29/09/2020. GTExPortal, https://gtexportal.org/home/gene/ADGRD2
5. Gupte J, Swaminath G, Danao J, Tian H, Li Y, Wu X. (2012) Signaling property study of adhesion G-protein-coupled receptors. FEBS Lett, 586 (8): 1214-9. [PMID:22575658]
6. Iguchi T, Sakata K, Yoshizaki K, Tago K, Mizuno N, Itoh H. (2008) Orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR56 regulates neural progenitor cell migration via a G alpha 12/13 and Rho pathway. J Biol Chem, 283 (21): 14469-78. [PMID:18378689]
7. Kamesh N, Aradhyam GK, Manoj N. (2008) The repertoire of G protein-coupled receptors in the sea squirt Ciona intestinalis. BMC Evol Biol, 8: 129. [PMID:18452600]
8. Monk KR, Naylor SG, Glenn TD, Mercurio S, Perlin JR, Dominguez C, Moens CB, Talbot WS. (2009) A G protein-coupled receptor is essential for Schwann cells to initiate myelination. Science, 325 (5946): 1402-5. [PMID:19745155]
9. Nordström KJ, Fredriksson R, Schiöth HB. (2008) The amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae) genome contains a highly diversified set of G protein-coupled receptors. BMC Evol Biol, 8: 9. [PMID:18199322]
10. Paavola KJ, Hall RA. (2012) Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors: signaling, pharmacology, and mechanisms of activation. Mol Pharmacol, 82 (5): 777-83. [PMID:22821233]
