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target has curated data in GtoImmuPdb
Target id: 2937
Nomenclature: 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3
Abbreviated Name: PFKFB3
Family: Sugar phosphatases
Gene and Protein Information ![]() |
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Species | TM | AA | Chromosomal Location | Gene Symbol | Gene Name | Reference |
Human | - | 520 | 10p15.1 | PFKFB3 | 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 | |
Mouse | - | 555 | 2 A1, 8.73 cM | Pfkfb3 | 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 | |
Rat | - | 555 | 17q12.2 | Pfkfb3 | 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 | |
Gene and Protein Information Comments | ||||||
Isoform 1 of the human protein is 520 amino acids long, but other transcript variants and isoforms have been detected. In the mouse transcript variant 2 gives rise to the longest protein isoform. To date only one transcript variant has been identified in rat. |
Previous and Unofficial Names ![]() |
6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2 | iPFK-2 | PFK2 |
Database Links ![]() |
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Alphafold | Q16875 (Hs), O35552 (Rn) |
BRENDA | 2.7.1.105, 3.1.3.46 |
CATH/Gene3D | 3.40.50.1240 |
ChEMBL Target | CHEMBL2331053 (Hs) |
Ensembl Gene | ENSG00000170525 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000026773 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000018911 (Rn) |
Entrez Gene | 5209 (Hs), 170768 (Mm), 117276 (Rn) |
Human Protein Atlas | ENSG00000170525 (Hs) |
KEGG Enzyme | 2.7.1.105, 3.1.3.46 |
KEGG Gene | hsa:5209 (Hs), mmu:170768 (Mm), rno:117276 (Rn) |
OMIM | 605319 (Hs) |
Pharos | Q16875 (Hs) |
RefSeq Nucleotide | NM_004566 (Hs), NM_001177753 (Mm), NM_057135 (Rn) |
RefSeq Protein | NP_004557 (Hs), NP_001171224 (Mm), NP_476476 (Rn) |
UniProtKB | Q16875 (Hs), O35552 (Rn) |
Wikipedia | PFKFB3 (Hs) |
Enzyme Reaction ![]() |
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Download all structure-activity data for this target as a CSV file
Inhibitors | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key to terms and symbols | View all chemical structures | Click column headers to sort | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Immunopharmacology Comments |
Inhibition of PFKFB3 is being investigated for clinical utility primarily in cancer, but also as a novel intervention for joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [9]. |
Physiological Consequences of Altering Gene Expression ![]() |
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General Comments |
PFKFB3 is one of four tissue-specific PFKFB isoenzymes identified in humans. Enzymes of this family are bifunctional enzymes that catalyze opposing reactions (synthesis and degradation) of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F2,6BP). Structurally each family member has a kinase domain (at the amino terminus, the synthetic function) and a bisphosphatase domain (at the carboxy terminus, the degrading function) [5]. They acts as metabolic signaling enzymes catalyzing the conversion of F2,6BP [7]. The F2,6BP generated by enzyme activity stimulates glycolysis via activation of phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK-1; an important regulator of glycolysis that converts fructose 6-phosphate and ATP to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and ADP). The primary protein encoded by PFKFB3 is iPFK2 (an inducible isoform, upregulated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α [6], and by inflammatory stimuli [2]). PFKFB3 is most widely recognised for its association with the upregulated glycolysis observed in cancer cells which underlies the so-called Warburg effect [2,6,8]. Induction or overexpression of PFKFB3 can trigger a shift to the glycolytic pathway even in the presence of oxygen, an event that strongly supports cancerous growth. It also has effects on angiogenesis, cell cycle and apoptosis, additional processes involved in cancer growth. As a drug target, PFKFB3 inhibitors are in clinical development as anti-cancer therapies (e.g. optimised derivatives of the small molecule inhibitor 3PO (3-(3-pyridinyl)-1-(4-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one) such as PFK15 [4]. |
1. Boutard N, Białas A, Sabiniarz A, Guzik P, Banaszak K, Biela A, Bień M, Buda A, Bugaj B, Cieluch E et al.. (2019) Discovery and Structure-Activity Relationships of N-Aryl 6-Aminoquinoxalines as Potent PFKFB3 Kinase Inhibitors. ChemMedChem, 14 (1): 169-181. [PMID:30378281]
2. Chesney J, Mitchell R, Benigni F, Bacher M, Spiegel L, Al-Abed Y, Han JH, Metz C, Bucala R. (1999) An inducible gene product for 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase with an AU-rich instability element: role in tumor cell glycolysis and the Warburg effect. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 96 (6): 3047-52. [PMID:10077634]
3. Chesney J, Telang S, Yalcin A, Clem A, Wallis N, Bucala R. (2005) Targeted disruption of inducible 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase results in embryonic lethality. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 331 (1): 139-46. [PMID:15845370]
4. Clem BF, O'Neal J, Tapolsky G, Clem AL, Imbert-Fernandez Y, Kerr 2nd DA, Klarer AC, Redman R, Miller DM, Trent JO et al.. (2013) Targeting 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase (PFKFB3) as a therapeutic strategy against cancer. Mol Cancer Ther, 12 (8): 1461-70. [PMID:23674815]
5. Manzano A, Rosa JL, Ventura F, Pérez JX, Nadal M, Estivill X, Ambrosio S, Gil J, Bartrons R. (1998) Molecular cloning, expression, and chromosomal localization of a ubiquitously expressed human 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/ fructose-2, 6-bisphosphatase gene (PFKFB3). Cytogenet Cell Genet, 83 (3-4): 214-7. [PMID:10072580]
6. Minchenko A, Leshchinsky I, Opentanova I, Sang N, Srinivas V, Armstead V, Caro J. (2002) Hypoxia-inducible factor-1-mediated expression of the 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-3 (PFKFB3) gene. Its possible role in the Warburg effect. J Biol Chem, 277 (8): 6183-7. [PMID:11744734]
7. Pilkis SJ, Claus TH, Kurland IJ, Lange AJ. (1995) 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase: a metabolic signaling enzyme. Annu Rev Biochem, 64: 799-835. [PMID:7574501]
8. WARBURG O. (1956) On the origin of cancer cells. Science, 123 (3191): 309-14. [PMID:13298683]
9. Zou Y, Zeng S, Huang M, Qiu Q, Xiao Y, Shi M, Zhan Z, Liang L, Yang X, Xu H. (2017) Inhibition of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase suppresses fibroblast-like synoviocytes-mediated synovial inflammation and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Pharmacol, 174 (9): 893-908. [PMID:28239846]
Sugar phosphatases: 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3. Last modified on 02/11/2018. Accessed on 07/02/2025. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY, https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2937.