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PrRP receptor

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Target not currently curated in GtoImmuPdb

Target id: 337

Nomenclature: PrRP receptor

Family: Prolactin-releasing peptide receptor

Contents:

Gene and Protein Information Click here for help
class A G protein-coupled receptor
Species TM AA Chromosomal Location Gene Symbol Gene Name Reference
Human 7 370 10q26.11 PRLHR prolactin releasing hormone receptor 30
Mouse 7 370 19 D3 Prlhr prolactin releasing hormone receptor
Rat 7 370 1q55 Prlhr prolactin releasing hormone receptor 53
Previous and Unofficial Names Click here for help
PrRPR | GPR10 [15] | G protein-coupled receptor 10 | prRP receptor
Database Links Click here for help
Specialist databases
GPCRdb prlhr_human (Hs), prlhr_mouse (Mm), prlhr_rat (Rn)
Other databases
Alphafold P49683 (Hs), Q6VMN6 (Mm), Q64121 (Rn)
ChEMBL Target CHEMBL1681611 (Hs)
Ensembl Gene ENSG00000119973 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000045052 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000009922 (Rn)
Entrez Gene 2834 (Hs), 226278 (Mm), 246075 (Rn)
Human Protein Atlas ENSG00000119973 (Hs)
KEGG Gene hsa:2834 (Hs), mmu:226278 (Mm), rno:246075 (Rn)
OMIM 600895 (Hs)
Pharos P49683 (Hs)
RefSeq Nucleotide NM_004248 (Hs), NM_201615 (Mm), NM_139193 (Rn)
RefSeq Protein NP_004239 (Hs), NP_963909 (Mm), NP_631932 (Rn)
UniProtKB P49683 (Hs), Q6VMN6 (Mm), Q64121 (Rn)
Wikipedia PRLHR (Hs)
Natural/Endogenous Ligands Click here for help
neuropeptide Y {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat}
PrRP-20 {Sp: Human}
PrRP-31 {Sp: Human} , PrRP-31 {Sp: Rat}
PrRP-20 {Sp: Rat}
PTHrP {Sp: Human}
Potency order of endogenous ligands (Human)
PrRP-20 (PRLH, P81277) = PrRP-31 (PRLH, P81277)  [22]

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Agonists
Key to terms and symbols View all chemical structures Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Action Value Parameter Reference
[125I]PrRP-20 (human) Peptide Ligand is labelled Ligand is radioactive Hs Full agonist 9.2 – 10.6 pKd 22
⤷ pKd 9.2 – 10.6 (Kd 5.7x10-10 – 2.6x10-11 M) [22]
PrRP-20 {Sp: Rat} Peptide Hs Full agonist 9.7 pKi 22
⤷ pKi 9.7 [22]
PrRP-31 {Sp: Rat} Peptide Hs Full agonist 9.5 pKi 22
⤷ pKi 9.5 [22]
PrRP-20 {Sp: Human} Peptide Ligand is endogenous in the given species Hs Full agonist 9.0 – 9.6 pKi 10,22
⤷ pKi 9.0 – 9.6 [10,22]
PrRP-31 {Sp: Human} Peptide Ligand is endogenous in the given species Hs Full agonist 9.0 – 9.2 pKi 10,22
⤷ pKi 9.0 – 9.2 [10,22]
PrRP-(24-31) (human) Peptide Hs Full agonist 7.3 pKi 10
⤷ pKi 7.3 [10]
NPY-(18-36) (human, pig) Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Partial agonist 5.1 pKi 10
⤷ pKi 5.1 [10]
[125I]PrRP31 Peptide Ligand is labelled Ligand is radioactive Hs Full agonist - - 9
⤷ [9]
Agonist Comments
A novel prolactin releasing peptide analogue (Compound 18-S4) is a synthetic long acting and selective prolactin-releasing peptide receptor (GPR10) agonist (EC50 7.8 nM) [39]. 18-S4 has anorexigenic activity in vivo.
Antagonists
Key to terms and symbols View all chemical structures Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Action Value Parameter Reference
neuropeptide Y {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is endogenous in the given species Hs Antagonist 5.4 pKi 21
⤷ pKi 5.4 [21]
Primary Transduction Mechanisms Click here for help
Transducer Effector/Response
Gq/G11 family
Comments:  Gq/11 [22]
References: 
Tissue Distribution Click here for help
Pituitary gland, adrenal glands (cortex and medulla), cerebellum, hippocampus, pons, medulla obligata, hypothalamus, thalamus, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, frontal lobe.
Species:  Human
Technique:  RT-PCR.
References:  49
Decidua.
Species:  Human
Technique:  RT-PCR.
References:  41
Pituitary gland.
Species:  Human
Technique:  Immunohistochemistry.
References:  1
Pituitary gland.
Species:  Human
Technique:  RT-PCR.
References:  55
Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus: lipidized prolactin-releasing peptide increases neuronal activity in dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and induces c-fos and FosB expression in neurons.
Species:  Mouse
Technique: 
References:  40
Pituitary gland > cerebellum, hypothalamus, spinal cord, medulla oblongata, thalamus > cerebral cortex > adrenal gland > striatum, hippocampus, midbrain > femur, stomach > skin.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  RT-PCR.
References:  11
Reticular thalamic nucleus.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  in situ hybridisation.
References:  29
Anterior lobe, adrenal medulla, testis, epididymis.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  in situ hybridisation.
References:  36
CNS: Reticular nucleus of the thalamus > periventricular hypothalamus, dorsomedial hypothalamus, area postrema, nucleus of the solitary tract-commissural portion > medial preoptic nucleus, medial preoptic area, paraventricular hypothalamus, locus coeruleus > ventrolateral hypothalamus, nucleus of the solitary tract-medial portion > nucleus accumbens, bed nuclei stria terminalis, central amygdala, ventromedial hypothalamus, ventral premammillary nucleus, dorsal raphe nucleus, lateral parabrachial nucleus, rostral dorsomedial reticular formation, intermediate reticular nucleus, ventrolateral reticular nucleus.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  in situ hybridisation.
References:  42
Brain (hypothalamus, medulla oblongata and cerebellum), pituitary, heart, soleus muscle, adipose tissue, kidney, adrenal gland, testis, small intestine.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  Radioligand binding.
References:  46
Expression Datasets Click here for help

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Log average relative transcript abundance in mouse tissues measured by qPCR from Regard, J.B., Sato, I.T., and Coughlin, S.R. (2008). Anatomical profiling of G protein-coupled receptor expression. Cell, 135(3): 561-71. [PMID:18984166] [Raw data: website]

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Functional Assays Click here for help
Measurement of arachidonic acid metabolite release in rat anterior pituitary cells endogenously expressing the PRRP receptor.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Primary cultured anterior pituitary cells.
Response measured:  Arachidonic acid metabolite release.
References:  15
Measurement of Ca2+ levels in CHO cells transfected with the PrRP receptor.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  CHO cells.
Response measured:  Ca2+ mobilisation.
References:  42
Measurement of prolactin release from the pituitary adenoma-derived cell line RC-4B/C endogenously expressing the PrRP receptor.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  RC-4B/C cell line.
Response measured:  Increased secretion of prolactin.
References:  15
Measurement of Ca2+ levels in HEK 293 cells transfected with the PrRP receptor.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  HEK 293 cells.
Response measured:  Ca2+ mobilisation.
References:  22
Measurement of Ca2+ and cAMP levels in rat anterior pituitary cells endogenously expressing the PrRP receptor.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Primary cultured anterior pituitary cells.
Response measured:  Ca2+ mobilisation and partial supression of cAMP accumulation.
References:  15
Physiological Functions Click here for help
Onset of preeclampsia
Species:  Human
Tissue: 
References:  27
Hyperthermia.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  24
Stimulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-mediated adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) release.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  32,47
Stimulation of prolactin and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  44
Reduction in food intake. No effect on water intake.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  24-25,51
Increase in blood pressure and heart rate.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  17,45
Stimulation of prolactin release.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  Decidual stromal cells.
References:  41
Modulation of sleep and absence seizures.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  29
Stimulation of prolactin release.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  33
Inhibition of GH release via somatostatin secretion.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  19
Indirect stimulation of LH and FSH release.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  48
Stimulation of gastric contractions and increase in intragastric pressure.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  in vivo (dorsal vagal complex).
References:  12
Modulation of REM sleep via PRL release.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  54
Antinociception.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  20
Stimulation of oxytocin (male and female rats) and vasopressin (female rats only).
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  31
Regulation of the opioid system.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  23
Proliferation of pancreatic β cells
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  in vivo.
References:  3,18
Promotion of cartilage survival
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  in vivo.
References:  2
Promotion of cartilage survival
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  in vivo.
References:  2
Implication in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anovulatory infertility
Species:  Human
Tissue: 
References:  35,43
Initiation and progression of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM)
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  in vivo.
References:  14
Regulation of inflammatory and immune responses in autoimmune diseases
Species:  Human
Tissue: 
References:  6,38
Regulation of inflammatory and immune responses in autoimmune diseases
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
References:  6,38
Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) reduces leptin plasma levels in vivo.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  16
PrRP reduces food intake through acting on the PrRP receptor in the dorsomedial hindbrain site of the brain.
Species:  Rat
Tissue: 
References:  8
Physiological Consequences of Altering Gene Expression Click here for help
The use of PRRP receptor knockout mice provide evidence of involvement in the regulation of energy balance. The knockout mice exhibit increased body fat, increased levels of insulin and leptin and decreased glucose tolerance.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  13
PRRP receptor knockout mice exhibit higher nociceptive threshold and increased analgesic and rewarding effects of morphine. PrRP administration in wild-type mice promoted hyperalgesia and reversed morphine-induced antinociception. This effect of PrRP administration is not seen in the knockout mice.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  20,23
Phenotypes, Alleles and Disease Models Click here for help Mouse data from MGI

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Allele Composition & genetic background Accession Phenotype Id Phenotype Reference
Prlhrtm1Askr Prlhrtm1Askr/Prlhrtm1Askr
involves: 129S5/SvEvBrd * C57BL/6		 MGI:2135956  MP:0001432 abnormal food preference PMID: 14742914 
Prlhrtm1Map Prlhrtm1Map/Prlhrtm1Map
involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * CD-1		 MGI:2135956  MP:0002734 abnormal mechanical nociception PMID: 16299503 
Prlhrtm1Map Prlhrtm1Map/Prlhrtm1Map
involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * CD-1		 MGI:2135956  MP:0009776 decreased behavioral withdrawal response PMID: 16299503 
Prlhrtm1Map Prlhrtm1Map/Prlhrtm1Map
involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * CD-1		 MGI:2135956  MP:0002665 decreased circulating corticosterone level PMID: 16299503 
Prlhrtm1Dgen Prlhrtm1Dgen/Prlhrtm1Dgen
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6		 MGI:2135956  MP:0003910 decreased eating behavior PMID: 17904108 
Prlhrtm1Map Prlhrtm1Map/Prlhrtm1Map
involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * CD-1		 MGI:2135956  MP:0009713 enhanced conditioned place preference behavior PMID: 16299503 
Prlhrtm1Dgen Prlhrtm1Dgen/Prlhrtm1Dgen
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6		 MGI:2135956  MP:0001257 increased body length PMID: 17904108 
Prlhrtm1Dgen Prlhrtm1Dgen/Prlhrtm1Dgen
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6		 MGI:2135956  MP:0001260 increased body weight PMID: 17904108 
Prlhrtm1Map Prlhrtm1Map/Prlhrtm1Map
involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * CD-1		 MGI:2135956  MP:0001981 increased chemically-elicited antinociception PMID: 16299503 
Prlhrtm1Dgen Prlhrtm1Dgen/Prlhrtm1Dgen
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6		 MGI:2135956  MP:0003982 increased cholesterol level PMID: 17904108 
Prlhrtm1Dgen Prlhrtm1Dgen/Prlhrtm1Dgen
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6		 MGI:2135956  MP:0001745 increased circulating corticosterone level PMID: 17904108 
Prlhrtm1Dgen Prlhrtm1Dgen/Prlhrtm1Dgen
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6		 MGI:2135956  MP:0005559 increased circulating glucose level PMID: 17904108 
Prlhrtm1Dgen Prlhrtm1Dgen/Prlhrtm1Dgen
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6		 MGI:2135956  MP:0001556 increased circulating HDL cholesterol level PMID: 17904108 
Prlhrtm1Askr Prlhrtm1Askr/Prlhrtm1Askr
involves: 129S5/SvEvBrd * C57BL/6		 MGI:2135956  MP:0002079 increased circulating insulin level PMID: 14742914 
Prlhrtm1Dgen Prlhrtm1Dgen/Prlhrtm1Dgen
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6		 MGI:2135956  MP:0000182 increased circulating LDL cholesterol level PMID: 17904108 
Prlhrtm1Dgen Prlhrtm1Dgen/Prlhrtm1Dgen
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6		 MGI:2135956  MP:0005669 increased circulating leptin level PMID: 17904108 
Prlhrtm1Dgen Prlhrtm1Dgen/Prlhrtm1Dgen
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6		 MGI:2135956  MP:0005458 increased percent body fat PMID: 17904108 
Prlhrtm1Askr Prlhrtm1Askr/Prlhrtm1Askr
involves: 129S5/SvEvBrd * C57BL/6		 MGI:2135956  MP:0005455 increased susceptibility to weight gain PMID: 14742914 
Prlhrtm1Map Prlhrtm1Map/Prlhrtm1Map
involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * CD-1		 MGI:2135956  MP:0001973 increased thermal nociceptive threshold PMID: 16299503 
Prlhrtm1Dgen Prlhrtm1Dgen/Prlhrtm1Dgen
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6		 MGI:2135956  MP:0010024 increased total body fat amount PMID: 17904108 
Prlhrtm1Askr Prlhrtm1Askr/Prlhrtm1Askr
involves: 129S5/SvEvBrd * C57BL/6		 MGI:2135956  MP:0005331 insulin resistance PMID: 14742914 
Biologically Significant Variants Click here for help
Type:  Single nucleotide polymorphisms
Species:  Human
Description:  SNPs of the PRLR gene 5' UTR and promoter region are associated with increased risk for gestational diabetes mellitus in a population of Chilean subjects
References:  26
Type:  Single nucleotide polymorphisms
Species:  Human
Description:  Altered serum prolactin levels were not associated with breast cancer risk-associated variants, suggesting that common genetic variation is not a strong predictor of prolactin-associated breast cancer risk in this population
References:  28,37
Type:  Single nucleotide polymorphisms
Species:  Human
Description:  Association of gene polymorphisms in prolactin and its receptor with breast cancer risk in several cohorts
References:  5,7,34,50
Type:  Single nucleotide polymorphism
Species:  Rat
Description:  An ATG -> ATA polymorphism in the PRRP receptor has been found in rats suffering from Diabetes Mellitus OLETF type I (Dmo1). This polymorphism causes a loss of food intake supression by PrRP causing hyperphagia leading to obesity and dyslipidaemia.
References:  52
Type:  Single nucleotide polymorphism
Species:  Rat
Description:  Naturally occurring polymorphism in the start codon of the receptor gene.
References:  9
Type:  Single nucleotide polymorphisms
Species:  Human
Description:  8 polymorphisms have been identified in the British Caucasian population with severe early-onset obesity. 2 of these resulted in an altered amino acid sequence; Val283 -> Ile and Pro305 -> Leu.
Pro305 -> Leu resulted in a reduced intracellular Ca2+ response and lower blood pressure.
References:  4

References

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1. Abe T, Koga N, Tomita M, Tonoike T, Kushima M, Takahashi K, Sano Y, Taniyama M. (2003) Cellular localization of prolactin-releasing peptide receptors in the human pituitary. Acta Neuropathol, 106 (5): 495-500. [PMID:12915950]

2. Adán N, Guzmán-Morales J, Ledesma-Colunga MG, Perales-Canales SI, Quintanar-Stéphano A, López-Barrera F, Méndez I, Moreno-Carranza B, Triebel J, Binart N et al.. (2013) Prolactin promotes cartilage survival and attenuates inflammation in inflammatory arthritis. J Clin Invest, 123 (9): 3902-13. [PMID:23908112]

3. Auffret J, Freemark M, Carré N, Mathieu Y, Tourrel-Cuzin C, Lombès M, Movassat J, Binart N. (2013) Defective prolactin signaling impairs pancreatic β-cell development during the perinatal period. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 305 (10): E1309-18. [PMID:24064341]

4. Bhattacharyya S, Luan J, Challis B, Schmitz C, Clarkson P, Franks PW, Middelberg R, Keogh J, Farooqi IS, Montague C et al.. (2003) Association of polymorphisms in GPR10, the gene encoding the prolactin-releasing peptide receptor with blood pressure, but not obesity, in a U.K. Caucasian population. Diabetes, 52 (5): 1296-9. [PMID:12716769]

5. Bogorad RL, Courtillot C, Mestayer C, Bernichtein S, Harutyunyan L, Jomain JB, Bachelot A, Kuttenn F, Kelly PA, Goffin V et al.. (2008) Identification of a gain-of-function mutation of the prolactin receptor in women with benign breast tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 105 (38): 14533-8. [PMID:18779591]

6. Costanza M, Binart N, Steinman L, Pedotti R. (2015) Prolactin: a versatile regulator of inflammation and autoimmune pathology. Autoimmun Rev, 14 (3): 223-30. [PMID:25462579]

7. Courtillot C, Chakhtoura Z, Bogorad R, Genestie C, Bernichtein S, Badachi Y, Janaud G, Akakpo JP, Bachelot A, Kuttenn F et al.. (2010) Characterization of two constitutively active prolactin receptor variants in a cohort of 95 women with multiple breast fibroadenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 95 (1): 271-9. [PMID:19897676]

8. Davis XS, Grill HJ. (2018) The hindbrain is a site of energy balance action for prolactin-releasing peptide: feeding and thermic effects from GPR10 stimulation of the nucleus tractus solitarius/area postrema. Psychopharmacology (Berl.), 235 (8): 2287-2301. [PMID:29796829]

9. Ellacott KL, Donald EL, Clarkson P, Morten J, Masters D, Brennand J, Luckman SM. (2005) Characterization of a naturally-occurring polymorphism in the UHR-1 gene encoding the putative rat prolactin-releasing peptide receptor. Peptides, 26 (4): 675-81. [PMID:15752583]

10. Engström M, Brandt A, Wurster S, Savola JM, Panula P. (2003) Prolactin releasing peptide has high affinity and efficacy at neuropeptide FF2 receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 305 (3): 825-32. [PMID:12606605]

11. Fujii R, Fukusumi S, Hosoya M, Kawamata Y, Habata Y, Hinuma S, Sekiguchi M, Kitada C, Kurokawa T, Nishimura O et al.. (1999) Tissue distribution of prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) and its receptor. Regul Pept, 83 (1): 1-10. [PMID:10498338]

12. Grabauskas G, Zhou SY, Das S, Lu Y, Owyang C, Moises HC. (2004) Prolactin-releasing peptide affects gastric motor function in rat by modulating synaptic transmission in the dorsal vagal complex. J Physiol (Lond.), 561 (Pt 3): 821-39. [PMID:15486017]

13. Gu W, Geddes BJ, Zhang C, Foley KP, Stricker-Krongrad A. (2004) The prolactin-releasing peptide receptor (GPR10) regulates body weight homeostasis in mice. J Mol Neurosci, 22 (1-2): 93-103. [PMID:14742914]

14. Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Kaminski K, Podewski E, Bonda T, Schaefer A, Sliwa K, Forster O, Quint A, Landmesser U, Doerries C et al.. (2007) A cathepsin D-cleaved 16 kDa form of prolactin mediates postpartum cardiomyopathy. Cell, 128 (3): 589-600. [PMID:17289576]

15. Hinuma S, Habata Y, Fujii R, Kawamata Y, Hosoya M, Fukusumi S, Kitada C, Masuo Y, Asano T, Matsumoto H et al.. (1998) A prolactin-releasing peptide in the brain. Nature, 393 (6682): 272-6. [PMID:9607765]

16. Holubová M, Hrubá L, Neprašová B, Majerčíková Z, Lacinová Z, Kuneš J, Maletínská L, Železná B. (2018) Prolactin-releasing peptide improved leptin hypothalamic signaling in obese mice. J Mol Endocrinol, 60 (2): 85-94. [PMID:29233862]

17. Horiuchi J, Saigusa T, Sugiyama N, Kanba S, Nishida Y, Sato Y, Hinuma S, Arita J. (2002) Effects of prolactin-releasing peptide microinjection into the ventrolateral medulla on arterial pressure and sympathetic activity in rats. Brain Res, 958 (1): 201-9. [PMID:12468046]

18. Huang C, Snider F, Cross JC. (2009) Prolactin receptor is required for normal glucose homeostasis and modulation of beta-cell mass during pregnancy. Endocrinology, 150 (4): 1618-26. [PMID:19036882]

19. Iijima N, Matsumoto Y, Yano T, Tanaka M, Yamamoto T, Kakihara K, Kataoka Y, Tamada Y, Matsumoto H, Suzuki N et al.. (2001) A novel function of prolactin-releasing peptide in the control of growth hormone via secretion of somatostatin from the hypothalamus. Endocrinology, 142 (7): 3239-43. [PMID:11416047]

20. Kalliomäki ML, Pertovaara A, Brandt A, Wei H, Pietilä P, Kalmari J, Xu M, Kalso E, Panula P. (2004) Prolactin-releasing peptide affects pain, allodynia and autonomic reflexes through medullary mechanisms. Neuropharmacology, 46 (3): 412-24. [PMID:14975697]

21. Lagerström MC, Fredriksson R, Bjarnadóttir TK, Fridmanis D, Holmquist T, Andersson J, Yan YL, Raudsepp T, Zoorob R, Kukkonen JP et al.. (2005) Origin of the prolactin-releasing hormone (PRLH) receptors: evidence of coevolution between PRLH and a redundant neuropeptide Y receptor during vertebrate evolution. Genomics, 85 (6): 688-703. [PMID:15885496]

22. Langmead CJ, Szekeres PG, Chambers JK, Ratcliffe SJ, Jones DN, Hirst WD, Price GW, Herdon HJ. (2000) Characterization of the binding of [(125)I]-human prolactin releasing peptide (PrRP) to GPR10, a novel G protein coupled receptor. Br J Pharmacol, 131 (4): 683-8. [PMID:11030716]

23. Laurent P, Becker JA, Valverde O, Ledent C, de Kerchove d'Exaerde A, Schiffmann SN, Maldonado R, Vassart G, Parmentier M. (2005) The prolactin-releasing peptide antagonizes the opioid system through its receptor GPR10. Nat Neurosci, 8 (12): 1735-41. [PMID:16299503]

24. Lawrence CB, Celsi F, Brennand J, Luckman SM. (2000) Alternative role for prolactin-releasing peptide in the regulation of food intake. Nat Neurosci, 3 (7): 645-6. [PMID:10862694]

25. Lawrence CB, Ellacott KL, Luckman SM. (2002) PRL-releasing peptide reduces food intake and may mediate satiety signaling. Endocrinology, 143 (2): 360-7. [PMID:11796487]

26. Le TN, Elsea SH, Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T, Francis GL. (2013) Prolactin receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with gestational diabetes. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers, 17 (7): 567-71. [PMID:23651351]

27. Leaños-Miranda A, Campos-Galicia I, Ramírez-Valenzuela KL, Chinolla-Arellano ZL, Isordia-Salas I. (2013) Circulating angiogenic factors and urinary prolactin as predictors of adverse outcomes in women with preeclampsia. Hypertension, 61 (5): 1118-25. [PMID:23460287]

28. Lee SA, Haiman CA, Burtt NP, Pooler LC, Cheng I, Kolonel LN, Pike MC, Altshuler D, Hirschhorn JN, Henderson BE et al.. (2007) A comprehensive analysis of common genetic variation in prolactin (PRL) and PRL receptor (PRLR) genes in relation to plasma prolactin levels and breast cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort. BMC Med Genet, 8: 72. [PMID:18053149]

29. Lin SH, Arai AC, España RA, Berridge CW, Leslie FM, Huguenard JR, Vergnes M, Civelli O. (2002) Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) promotes awakening and suppresses absence seizures. Neuroscience, 114 (1): 229-38. [PMID:12207968]

30. Marchese A, Heiber M, Nguyen T, Heng HH, Saldivia VR, Cheng R, Murphy PM, Tsui LC, Shi X, Gregor P et al.. (1995) Cloning and chromosomal mapping of three novel genes, GPR9, GPR10, and GPR14, encoding receptors related to interleukin 8, neuropeptide Y, and somatostatin receptors. Genomics, 29 (2): 335-44. [PMID:8666380]

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