phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta | Phosphatidylinositol kinases | IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY

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phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta

target has curated data in GtoImmuPdb

Target id: 2155

Nomenclature: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta

Abbreviated Name: PI3Kδ

Family: Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase family, Phosphatidylinositol kinases

Annotation status:  image of an orange circle Annotated and awaiting review. Please contact us if you can help with reviewing.  » Email us

Contents:

Gene and Protein Information
Species TM AA Chromosomal Location Gene Symbol Gene Name Reference
Human - 1044 1p36.2 PIK3CD phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta 66
Mouse - 1047 4 E2 Pik3cd phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta
Rat - 944 5q36 Pik3cd phosphatidylinositol-4
Previous and Unofficial Names
PI3Kdelta | p110δ/PIK3CD | phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit delta | phosphatidylinositol-4 | phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic delta polypeptide
Database Links
BRENDA 2.7.1.153
CATH/Gene3D 1.10.1070.11, 2.60.40.150
ChEMBL Target CHEMBL3130 (Hs), CHEMBL2216745 (Mm)
Ensembl Gene ENSG00000171608 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000039936 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000016846 (Rn)
Entrez Gene 5293 (Hs), 18707 (Mm), 366508 (Rn)
Human Protein Atlas ENSG00000171608 (Hs)
KEGG Enzyme 2.7.1.153
KEGG Gene hsa:5293 (Hs), mmu:18707 (Mm), rno:366508 (Rn)
OMIM 602839 (Hs)
RefSeq Nucleotide NM_005026 (Hs), NM_001029837 (Mm), NM_001108978 (Rn)
RefSeq Protein NP_005017 (Hs), NP_001025008 (Mm), NP_001102448 (Rn)
UniProtKB O00329 (Hs), O35904 (Mm)
Wikipedia PIK3CD (Hs)
Selected 3D Structures
Image of receptor 3D structure from RCSB PDB
Description:  Discovery and Optimization of New Benzimidazole- and Benzoxazole-Pyrimidone Selective PI3KBeta Inhibitors for the Treatment of Phosphatase and TENsin homologue (PTEN)-Deficient Cancers
PDB Id:  4AJW
Resolution:  2.8Å
Species:  Mouse
References:  14
Image of receptor 3D structure from RCSB PDB
Description:  The crystal structure of the murine class IA PI 3-kinase p110delta in complex with IC-87114.
PDB Id:  2X38
Ligand:  IC-87114
Resolution:  2.2Å
Species:  Mouse
References:  8
Enzyme Reaction
EC Number: 2.7.1.153

Download all structure-activity data for this target as a CSV file

Activators
Key to terms and symbols View all chemical structures Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Action Value Parameter Reference
compound 20f [PMID: 28520415] Hs Inhibition 9.2 pIC50 53
⤷ pIC50 9.2 (IC50 6.3x10-10 M) [53]
Inhibitors
Key to terms and symbols View all chemical structures Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Action Value Parameter Reference
neolymphostin A Hs Inhibition 8.3 pKd 12
⤷ pKd 8.3 (Kd 4.9x10-9 M) [12]
Description: Determined using an active-site dependent competition binding assay.
wortmannin Hs Inhibition 8.3 pKd 12
⤷ pKd 8.3 (Kd 5.5x10-9 M) [12]
IPI549 Hs Inhibition 7.6 pKd 23
⤷ pKd 7.6 (Kd 2.3x10-8 M) [23]
bimiralisib Hs Inhibition 7.6 pKd
⤷ pKd 7.6 (Kd 2.5x10-8 M)
LY 294002 Hs Inhibition 6.2 pKd 20
⤷ pKd 6.2 (Kd 7.1x10-7 M) [20]
taselisib Hs Inhibition 9.7 – 10.1 pKi 9,48
⤷ pKi 10.1 (Ki 7.9x10-11 M) [9]
pKi 9.7 (Ki 2.1x10-10 M) [48]
compound 82 [PMID: 21332118] Hs Inhibition 8.9 pKi 18
⤷ pKi 8.9 (Ki 1.2x10-9 M) [18]
pictilisib Hs Inhibition 8.8 pKi 9
⤷ pKi 8.8 (Ki 1.54x10-9 M) [9]
GDC-0077 Hs Inhibition 7.9 pKi 9
⤷ pKi 7.9 (Ki 1.22x10-8 M) [9]
IC-87114 Hs Inhibition ~7.7 pKi 37
⤷ pKi ~7.7 (Ki ~2x10-8 M) [37]
omipalisib Hs Inhibition 7.2 pKi 35
⤷ pKi 7.2 (Ki 6x10-8 M) [35]
AZ2 Hs Inhibition 6.7 pKi 27
⤷ pKi 6.7 (Ki 1.99x10-7 M) [27]
KU-0060648 Hs Inhibition >10.0 pIC50 11
⤷ pIC50 >10.0 (IC50 <1x10-10 M) [11]
nemiralisib Hs Inhibition 9.9 pIC50 21
⤷ pIC50 9.9 (IC50 1.26x10-10 M) [21]
Description: In a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assay in the presence of 2mM ATP.
compound 52 [PMID: 28541707] Hs Inhibition 8.8 pIC50 42
⤷ pIC50 8.8 (IC50 1.7x10-9 M) [42]
idelalisib Hs Inhibition 8.6 pIC50 38
⤷ pIC50 8.6 (IC50 2.5x10-9 M) in vitro activity against recombinant enzyme [38]
duvelisib Hs Inhibition 8.6 pIC50 68
⤷ pIC50 8.6 (IC50 2.5x10-9 M) [68]
RV6153 Hs Inhibition 8.6 pIC50 61
⤷ pIC50 8.6 (IC50 2.5x10-9 M) [61]
Description: In a biochemical enzyme activity assay.
pictilisib Hs Inhibition 8.5 pIC50 24
⤷ pIC50 8.5 (IC50 3x10-9 M) [24]
PI-103 Hs Inhibition 8.5 pIC50 56
⤷ pIC50 8.5 (IC50 3x10-9 M) [56]
puquitinib Hs Inhibition 8.5 pIC50 71
⤷ pIC50 8.5 (IC50 3.3x10-9 M) [71]
compound 2q [PMID: 30986068] Hs Inhibition 8.4 pIC50 47
⤷ pIC50 8.4 (IC50 3.9x10-9 M) [47]
Description: In a biochemical HTRF assay measuring generation of PIP3 via phosphorylation of PIP2, using PI3Kδ 14-604 fragment.
panulisib Hs Inhibition 8.4 pIC50 33
⤷ pIC50 8.4 (IC50 4x10-9 M) [33]
Description: Using a radiometric protein kinase (33PanQinase activity) assay.
ZSTK474 Hs Inhibition 8.2 – 8.3 pIC50 70,72
⤷ pIC50 8.2 – 8.3 (IC50 6x10-9 – 5x10-9 M) [70,72]
torin 2 Hs Inhibition 8.3 pIC50 43
⤷ pIC50 8.3 (IC50 5.67x10-9 M) [43]
AZD8835 Hs Inhibition 8.2 pIC50 7
⤷ pIC50 8.2 (IC50 5.7x10-9 M) [7]
apitolisib Hs Inhibition 8.2 pIC50 60
⤷ pIC50 8.2 (IC50 6.7x10-9 M) [60]
dactolisib Hs Inhibition 8.1 pIC50 46
⤷ pIC50 8.1 (IC50 7x10-9 M) [46]
AZD8186 Hs Inhibition 7.9 pIC50 28
⤷ pIC50 7.9 (IC50 1.2x10-8 M) [28]
seletalisib Hs Inhibition 7.9 pIC50 3
⤷ pIC50 7.9 (IC50 1.2x10-8 M) [3]
RV1729 Hs Inhibition 7.9 pIC50 34
⤷ pIC50 7.9 (IC50 1.2x10-8 M) [34]
Description: In a biochemical enzyme activity assay.
acalisib Hs Inhibition 7.9 pIC50 59
⤷ pIC50 7.9 (IC50 1.27x10-8 M) [59]
Description: In an in vitro biochemical assay using recombinant enzyme.
umbralisib Hs Inhibition 7.9 pIC50 65
⤷ pIC50 7.9 (IC50 1.383x10-8 M) [65]
PI-3065 Hs Inhibition 7.8 pIC50 2
⤷ pIC50 7.8 (IC50 1.5x10-8 M) [2]
AMG319 Hs Inhibition 7.7 pIC50 17
⤷ pIC50 7.7 (IC50 1.8x10-8 M) [17]
parsaclisib Hs Inhibition 7.3 – 8.0 pIC50 40
⤷ pIC50 7.3 – 8.0 (IC50 5x10-8 – 1x10-8 M) [40]
leniolisib Hs Inhibition 7.6 pIC50 15
⤷ pIC50 7.6 (IC50 2.3x10-8 M) [15]
Description: In vitro enzyme assay
tenalisib Hs Inhibition 7.6 pIC50 64
⤷ pIC50 7.6 (IC50 2.405x10-8 M) [64]
Description: In a high throughput biochemical assay.
pilaralisib Hs Inhibition 7.4 pIC50 70
⤷ pIC50 7.4 (IC50 3.6x10-8 M) [70]
LY3023414 Hs Inhibition 7.4 pIC50 6
⤷ pIC50 7.4 (IC50 3.8x10-8 M) [6]
fimepinostat Hs Inhibition 7.4 pIC50 54
⤷ pIC50 7.4 (IC50 3.9x10-8 M) [54]
VS-5584 Hs Inhibition 7.4 pIC50 30
⤷ pIC50 7.4 (IC50 4.2x10-8 M) [30]
dezapelisib Hs Inhibition >7.3 pIC50 39
⤷ pIC50 >7.3 (IC50 <5x10-8 M) [39]
Description: The same value was obtained using an enzyme activity assay and a scintillation proximity assay.
AZD6482 Hs Inhibition 7.1 pIC50 49
⤷ pIC50 7.1 (IC50 8x10-8 M) [49]
TGX-221 Hs Inhibition 7.0 pIC50 32
⤷ pIC50 7.0 (IC50 1x10-7 M) [32]
PP121 Hs Inhibition 6.8 pIC50 5
⤷ pIC50 6.8 (IC50 1.5x10-7 M) [5]
LY 294002 Hs Inhibition 6.7 pIC50 11
⤷ pIC50 6.7 (IC50 2.2x10-7 M) [11]
sapanisertib Hs Inhibition 6.6 pIC50 31
⤷ pIC50 6.6 (IC50 2.3x10-7 M) [31]
TG-100-115 Hs Inhibition 6.6 pIC50 51
⤷ pIC50 6.6 (IC50 2.35x10-7 M) [51]
alpelisib Hs Inhibition 6.5 pIC50 26
⤷ pIC50 6.5 (IC50 2.9x10-7 M) [26]
PI 3-Kg inhibitor Hs Inhibition 6.5 pIC50 10
⤷ pIC50 6.5 (IC50 3x10-7 M) [10]
compound 15 [PMID: 29852070] Hs Inhibition 6.5 pIC50 52
⤷ pIC50 6.5 (IC50 3.16x10-7 M) [52]
Description: In a biochemical enzyme activity assay.
SAR260301 Hs Inhibition 6.3 pIC50 13
⤷ pIC50 6.3 (IC50 4.68x10-7 M) [13]
MEN1611 Hs Inhibition 6.3 pIC50 50
⤷ pIC50 6.3 (IC50 5x10-7 M) [50]
IC-87114 Hs Inhibition 6.3 pIC50 58
⤷ pIC50 6.3 (IC50 5x10-7 M) [58]
PIK-75 Hs Inhibition 6.3 pIC50 36
⤷ pIC50 6.3 (IC50 5.1x10-7 M) [36]
STK16-IN-1 Hs Inhibition 6.1 pIC50 41
⤷ pIC50 6.1 (IC50 8.56x10-7 M) [41]
Description: In an in vitro enzymatic assay.
eCF309 Hs Inhibition 5.7 pIC50 25
⤷ pIC50 5.7 (IC50 1.84x10-6 M) [25]
Description: In a biochemical assay.
serabelisib Hs Inhibition >5.0 pIC50 57
⤷ pIC50 >5.0 (IC50 <1x10-5 M) [57]
Allosteric Modulators
Key to terms and symbols View all chemical structures Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Action Value Parameter Reference
PIK-108 Hs Negative 6.2 pIC50 14
⤷ pIC50 6.2 (IC50 6.58x10-7 M) [14]
DiscoveRx KINOMEscan® screen
A screen of 72 inhibitors against 456 human kinases. Quantitative data were derived using DiscoveRx KINOMEscan® platform.
http://www.discoverx.com/services/drug-discovery-development-services/kinase-profiling/kinomescan
Reference: 19,69
Key to terms and symbols Click column headers to sort
Target used in screen: PIK3CD
Ligand Sp. Type Action Value Parameter
pictilisib Hs Inhibitor Inhibition 8.3 pKd
PI-103 Hs Inhibitor Inhibition 7.8 pKd
PP-242 Hs Inhibitor Inhibition 7.5 pKd
TG-100-115 Hs Inhibitor Inhibition 6.6 pKd
ruboxistaurin Hs Inhibitor Inhibition <5.5 pKd
SB203580 Hs Inhibitor Inhibition <5.5 pKd
erlotinib Hs Inhibitor Inhibition <5.5 pKd
GSK690693 Hs Inhibitor Inhibition <5.5 pKd
masitinib Hs Inhibitor Inhibition <5.5 pKd
A-674563 Hs Inhibitor Inhibition <5.5 pKd
Displaying the top 10 most potent ligands  View all ligands in screen »
Immunopharmacology Comments
PI3Kδ is preferentially expressed in cells of hemopoietic lineage and is involved in neutrophil chemotaxis. It is the only PI3K isoform with expression restricted to leukocytes. Genetic and pharmacological inactivation of PI3Kδ indicates its importantance for the function of T cells, B cell, mast cells and neutrophils. PI3kδ is a promising target for drugs for preventing or treating inflammation, autoimmunity and transplant rejection [29], with selective PI3Kδ inhibitors of particular relevance- see for example AMG319 [17], leniolisib [15] and seletalisib [3].
The potential for PI3kδ as target in immuno-oncology is discussed in [1].
Cell Type Associations
Immuno Cell Type:  B cells
Cell Ontology Term:   B cell (CL:0000236)
References:  66
Immuno Cell Type:  T cells
Cell Ontology Term:   alpha-beta T cell (CL:0000789)
References:  66
Immuno Process Associations
Immuno Process:  Inflammation
GO Annotations:  Associated to 9 GO processes
GO:0002551 mast cell chemotaxis TAS
GO:0006954 inflammatory response TAS
GO:0010818 T cell chemotaxis TAS
GO:0030593 neutrophil chemotaxis TAS
GO:0035747 natural killer cell chemotaxis TAS
GO:0035754 B cell chemotaxis TAS
GO:0043303 mast cell degranulation TAS
GO:0045087 innate immune response TAS
GO:0072672 neutrophil extravasation TAS
Immuno Process:  T cell (activation)
GO Annotations:  Associated to 3 GO processes
GO:0002250 adaptive immune response TAS
GO:0030217 T cell differentiation TAS
GO:0042110 T cell activation TAS
Immuno Process:  B cell (activation)
GO Annotations:  Associated to 2 GO processes
GO:0002250 adaptive immune response TAS
GO:0042113 B cell activation TAS
Immuno Process:  Immune regulation
GO Annotations:  Associated to 3 GO processes
GO:0033031 positive regulation of neutrophil apoptotic process IMP
GO:0050852 T cell receptor signaling pathway TAS
GO:0050853 B cell receptor signaling pathway TAS
Immuno Process:  Immune system development
GO Annotations:  Associated to 3 GO processes
GO:0001779 natural killer cell differentiation TAS
GO:0030217 T cell differentiation TAS
GO:0060374 mast cell differentiation TAS
Immuno Process:  Cytokine production & signalling
GO Annotations:  Associated to 2 GO processes
GO:0001816 cytokine production TAS
GO:0019221 cytokine-mediated signaling pathway TAS
Immuno Process:  Chemotaxis & migration
GO Annotations:  Associated to 6 GO processes
GO:0002551 mast cell chemotaxis TAS
GO:0010818 T cell chemotaxis TAS
GO:0030593 neutrophil chemotaxis TAS
GO:0035747 natural killer cell chemotaxis TAS
GO:0035754 B cell chemotaxis TAS
GO:0072672 neutrophil extravasation TAS
Immuno Process:  Cellular signalling
GO Annotations:  Associated to 8 GO processes
GO:0001779 natural killer cell differentiation TAS
GO:0030101 natural killer cell activation TAS
GO:0030217 T cell differentiation TAS
GO:0042110 T cell activation TAS
GO:0042113 B cell activation TAS
GO:0043303 mast cell degranulation TAS
GO:0050852 T cell receptor signaling pathway TAS
GO:0050853 B cell receptor signaling pathway TAS
Immuno Disease Associations
Disease Name:  Activated PI3K delta syndrome
Disease Synonyms:  no synonynms
Comment:  The effects of constitutive PI3Kδ activation in this syndrome are the opposite (or inverse) of the effects mediated by pharmacological PI3Kδ inhibition.
Disease X-refs:  OMIM: 615513
Orphanet: ORPHA397596
References: 
Tissue Distribution
Lymphoid and myeloid cell populations, T cells, B cells (N.B. platelets negative)
Species:  Human
Technique:  Immunocytochemistry
References:  66
Leukocytes
Species:  Human
Technique:  Northern blot
References:  66
Spleen and thymus
Species:  Rat
Technique:  Immunohistochemistry
References:  66
Clinically-Relevant Mutations and Pathophysiology
Disease:  Activated PI3K delta syndrome
Description: A rare autosomal dominant, genetic disease causing primary immunodeficiency and characterised by lymphadenopathy, immunodeficiency leading to recurrent infections, and an increased risk of EBV-associated lymphoma.
Synonyms: APDS/PASLI
Immunodeficiency 14
p110 delta activating mutation causing senescent T cells, lymphadenopathy, and immunodeficiency
OMIM: 615513
Orphanet: ORPHA397596
Click column headers to sort
Type Species Amino acid change Nucleotide change Description Reference
Missense, gain of function Human Y524N 1570 T>A This is a de novo pathogenic GOF mutation in the helical domain of PI3Kδ discovered in a 6-year-old patient with APDS. 45
Missense, gain of function Human N334K; E525K; E1021K 1002 C>A; 1573 G>A; 3061 G>A N334K is in the C2 domain, E525K is in the helical domain and E1021K is in the C-lobe of the kinase domain. 44
Clinically-Relevant Mutations and Pathophysiology Comments
To date (August 2018) eleven missense disease-causing variants of PIK3δ have been identified in the various functional domains of the kinase:
R929C [67], E1021K [4], and E1025G [22] in the kinase domain
N334 K [44], C416R [16], and R405C [55] in the C2 domain
E525K [44], E525A [63] and Y524N [45] in the helical domain
E81K [62] in the adaptor-binding domain (ABD)
G124D [62] in the ABD-Ras-binding domain linker
General Comments
PI3Kδ belongs to the class IA phospho-inositide-3-kinases (PI3Ks). In common with PI3Kα and PI3Kβ, PI3Kδ displays a broad phosphoinositide lipid substrate specificity. It interacts with SH2/SH3 domain-containing p85 adaptor proteins and with GTP-bound Ras. Expression of PI3Kδ is restricted to leukocytes [66], whereas PI3Kα and PI3Kβ are widely expressed.

References

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1. Adams JL, Smothers J, Srinivasan R, Hoos A. (2015) Big opportunities for small molecules in immuno-oncology. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 14 (9): 603-22. [PMID:26228631]

2. Ali K, Soond DR, Piñeiro R, Hagemann T, Pearce W, Lim EL, Bouabe H, Scudamore CL, Hancox T, Maecker H et al.. (2014) Inactivation of PI(3)K p110δ breaks regulatory T-cell-mediated immune tolerance to cancer. Nature, 510 (7505): 407-11. [PMID:24919154]

3. Allen RA, Brookings DC, Powell MJ, Delgado J, Shuttleworth LK, Merriman M, Fahy IJ, Tewari R, Silva JP, Healy LJ et al.. (2017) Seletalisib: Characterization of a Novel, Potent, and Selective Inhibitor of PI3Kδ. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 361 (3): 429-440. [PMID:28442583]

4. Angulo I, Vadas O, Garçon F, Banham-Hall E, Plagnol V, Leahy TR, Baxendale H, Coulter T, Curtis J, Wu C et al.. (2013) Phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ gene mutation predisposes to respiratory infection and airway damage. Science, 342 (6160): 866-71. [PMID:24136356]

5. Apsel B, Blair JA, Gonzalez B, Nazif TM, Feldman ME, Aizenstein B, Hoffman R, Williams RL, Shokat KM, Knight ZA. (2008) Targeted polypharmacology: discovery of dual inhibitors of tyrosine and phosphoinositide kinases. Nat. Chem. Biol., 4 (11): 691-9. [PMID:18849971]

6. Barda DA, Mader MM. (2013) PI3 kinase/mTOR dual inhibitor. Patent number: US8440829 B2. Assignee: Eli Lilly And Company. Priority date: 14/01/2011. Publication date: 14/05/2013.

7. Barlaam B, Cosulich S, Delouvrié B, Ellston R, Fitzek M, Germain H, Green S, Hancox U, Harris CS, Hudson K et al.. (2015) Discovery of 1-(4-(5-(5-amino-6-(5-tert-butyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)-1-ethyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl)-3-hydroxypropan-1-one (AZD8835): A potent and selective inhibitor of PI3Kα and PI3Kδ for the treatment of cancers. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 25 (22): 5155-62. [PMID:26475521]

8. Berndt A, Miller S, Williams O, Le DD, Houseman BT, Pacold JI, Gorrec F, Hon WC, Liu Y, Rommel C et al.. (2010) The p110 delta structure: mechanisms for selectivity and potency of new PI(3)K inhibitors. Nat. Chem. Biol., 6 (2): 117-24. [PMID:20081827]

9. Braun M-G, Hanan E, Staben ST, Heald RA, Macleod C, Elliott R. (2017) Benzoxazepin oxazolidinone compounds and methods of use. Patent number: US20170015678. Assignee: Genentech, Inc.. Priority date: 02/07/2015. Publication date: 19/01/2017.

10. Camps M, Rückle T, Ji H, Ardissone V, Rintelen F, Shaw J, Ferrandi C, Chabert C, Gillieron C, Françon B et al.. (2005) Blockade of PI3Kgamma suppresses joint inflammation and damage in mouse models of rheumatoid arthritis. Nat. Med., 11 (9): 936-43. [PMID:16127437]

11. Cano C, Saravanan K, Bailey C, Bardos J, Curtin NJ, Frigerio M, Golding BT, Hardcastle IR, Hummersone MG, Menear KA et al.. (2013) 1-substituted (Dibenzo[b,d]thiophen-4-yl)-2-morpholino-4H-chromen-4-ones endowed with dual DNA-PK/PI3-K inhibitory activity. J. Med. Chem., 56 (16): 6386-401. [PMID:23855836]

12. Castro-Falcón G, Seiler GS, Demir Ö, Rathinaswamy MK, Hamelin D, Hoffmann RM, Makowski SL, Letzel AC, Field SJ, Burke JE et al.. (2018) Neolymphostin A Is a Covalent Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K)/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Dual Inhibitor That Employs an Unusual Electrophilic Vinylogous Ester. J. Med. Chem., 61 (23): 10463-10472. [PMID:30380865]

13. Certal V, Carry JC, Halley F, Virone-Oddos A, Thompson F, Filoche-Rommé B, El-Ahmad Y, Karlsson A, Charrier V, Delorme C et al.. (2014) Discovery and optimization of pyrimidone indoline amide PI3Kβ inhibitors for the treatment of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN)-deficient cancers. J. Med. Chem., 57 (3): 903-20. [PMID:24387221]

14. Certal V, Halley F, Virone-Oddos A, Delorme C, Karlsson A, Rak A, Thompson F, Filoche-Rommé B, El-Ahmad Y, Carry JC et al.. (2012) Discovery and optimization of new benzimidazole- and benzoxazole-pyrimidone selective PI3Kβ inhibitors for the treatment of phosphatase and TENsin homologue (PTEN)-deficient cancers. J. Med. Chem., 55 (10): 4788-805. [PMID:22524426]

15. Cooke NG, Fernandes GDSP, Graveleau N, Hebach C, Hogenauer K, Hollingworth G, Smith AB, Soldermann N, Stowasser F, Strang R et al.. (2012) Tetrahydro-pyrido-pyrimidine derivatives. Patent number: WO2012004299. Assignee: Novartis Ag. Priority date: 06/07/2010. Publication date: 12/01/2012.

16. Crank MC, Grossman JK, Moir S, Pittaluga S, Buckner CM, Kardava L, Agharahimi A, Meuwissen H, Stoddard J, Niemela J et al.. (2014) Mutations in PIK3CD can cause hyper IgM syndrome (HIGM) associated with increased cancer susceptibility. J. Clin. Immunol., 34 (3): 272-6. [PMID:24610295]

17. Cushing TD, Hao X, Shin Y, Andrews K, Brown M, Cardozo M, Chen Y, Duquette J, Fisher B, Gonzalez-Lopez de Turiso F et al.. (2015) Discovery and in vivo evaluation of (S)-N-(1-(7-fluoro-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-3-yl)ethyl)-9H-purin-6-amine (AMG319) and related PI3Kδ inhibitors for inflammation and autoimmune disease. J. Med. Chem., 58 (1): 480-511. [PMID:25469863]

18. D'Angelo ND, Kim TS, Andrews K, Booker SK, Caenepeel S, Chen K, D'Amico D, Freeman D, Jiang J, Liu L et al.. (2011) Discovery and optimization of a series of benzothiazole phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) dual inhibitors. J. Med. Chem., 54 (6): 1789-811. [PMID:21332118]

19. Davis MI, Hunt JP, Herrgard S, Ciceri P, Wodicka LM, Pallares G, Hocker M, Treiber DK, Zarrinkar PP. (2011) Comprehensive analysis of kinase inhibitor selectivity. Nat. Biotechnol., 29 (11): 1046-51. [PMID:22037378]

20. Dittmann A, Werner T, Chung CW, Savitski MM, Fälth Savitski M, Grandi P, Hopf C, Lindon M, Neubauer G, Prinjha RK et al.. (2014) The commonly used PI3-kinase probe LY294002 is an inhibitor of BET bromodomains. ACS Chem. Biol., 9 (2): 495-502. [PMID:24533473]

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Phosphatidylinositol kinases: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta. Last modified on 23/04/2019. Accessed on 19/07/2019. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY, http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2155.