Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 2424

Abbreviated name: THC
Synonyms: Δ9-THC | Abbott 40566 | delta9-THC | Marinol® | tetrahydrocannabinol
Approved drug PDB Ligand
Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol is an approved drug (FDA (1985))
Compound class: Natural product
Comment: Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol is the principle active ingredient derived from the cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa). Dronabinol is the INN for the pure, synthetically produced (-)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol isomer of tetrahydrocannabinol (shown here).
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species

IUPHAR Pharmacology Education Project (PEP) logo

View more information in the IUPHAR Pharmacology Education Project: delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol

2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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Physico-chemical Properties
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Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/). All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

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Hydrogen bond acceptors 0
Hydrogen bond donors 1
Rotatable bonds 4
Topological polar surface area 29.46
Molecular weight 314.22
XLogP 6.47
No. Lipinski's rules broken 1

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)

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Canonical SMILES CCCCCc1cc(O)c2c(c1)OC(C1C2C=C(C)CC1)(C)C
Isomeric SMILES CCCCCc1cc(O)c2c(c1)OC([C@H]1[C@H]2C=C(C)CC1)(C)C
InChI InChI=1S/C21H30O2/c1-5-6-7-8-15-12-18(22)20-16-11-14(2)9-10-17(16)21(3,4)23-19(20)13-15/h11-13,16-17,22H,5-10H2,1-4H3/t16-,17-/m1/s1
InChI Key CYQFCXCEBYINGO-IAGOWNOFSA-N

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)
References
1. Alexander SP. (2012)
So what do we call GPR18 now?.
Br J Pharmacol, 165 (8): 2411-3. [PMID:22014123]
2. Bayewitch M, Rhee MH, Avidor-Reiss T, Breuer A, Mechoulam R, Vogel Z. (1996)
(-)-Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol antagonizes the peripheral cannabinoid receptor-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase.
J Biol Chem, 271 (17): 9902-5. [PMID:8626625]
3. Bisogno T, Hanus L, De Petrocellis L, Tchilibon S, Ponde DE, Brandi I, Moriello AS, Davis JB, Mechoulam R, Di Marzo V. (2001)
Molecular targets for cannabidiol and its synthetic analogues: effect on vanilloid VR1 receptors and on the cellular uptake and enzymatic hydrolysis of anandamide.
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4. Cohen LM, Ash E, Outen JD, Vandrey R, Amjad H, Agronin M, Burhanullah MH, Walsh P, Wilkins JM, Leoutsakos JM et al.. (2024)
Study rationale and baseline data for pilot trial of dronabinol adjunctive treatment of agitation in Alzheimer's dementia (THC-AD).
Int Psychogeriatr, 36 (12): 1245-1250. [PMID:34629131]
5. Felder CC, Joyce KE, Briley EM, Mansouri J, Mackie K, Blond O, Lai Y, Ma AL, Mitchell RL. (1995)
Comparison of the pharmacology and signal transduction of the human cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors.
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6. Jordt SE, Bautista DM, Chuang HH, McKemy DD, Zygmunt PM, Högestätt ED, Meng ID, Julius D. (2004)
Mustard oils and cannabinoids excite sensory nerve fibres through the TRP channel ANKTM1.
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7. McHugh D, Page J, Dunn E, Bradshaw HB. (2012)
Δ(9) -Tetrahydrocannabinol and N-arachidonyl glycine are full agonists at GPR18 receptors and induce migration in human endometrial HEC-1B cells.
Br J Pharmacol, 165 (8): 2414-24. [PMID:21595653]
8. Qin N, Neeper MP, Liu Y, Hutchinson TL, Lubin ML, Flores CM. (2008)
TRPV2 is activated by cannabidiol and mediates CGRP release in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion neurons.
J Neurosci, 28 (24): 6231-8. [PMID:18550765]
9. Rhee MH, Vogel Z, Barg J, Bayewitch M, Levy R, Hanus L, Breuer A, Mechoulam R. (1997)
Cannabinol derivatives: binding to cannabinoid receptors and inhibition of adenylylcyclase.
J Med Chem, 40 (20): 3228-33. [PMID:9379442]
10. Ryberg E, Larsson N, Sjögren S, Hjorth S, Hermansson NO, Leonova J, Elebring T, Nilsson K, Drmota T, Greasley PJ. (2007)
The orphan receptor GPR55 is a novel cannabinoid receptor.
Br J Pharmacol, 152 (7): 1092-101. [PMID:17876302]
11. Showalter VM, Compton DR, Martin BR, Abood ME. (1996)
Evaluation of binding in a transfected cell line expressing a peripheral cannabinoid receptor (CB2): identification of cannabinoid receptor subtype selective ligands.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 278 (3): 989-99. [PMID:8819477]