heparin   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 4214

Synonyms: HepFlush®
Approved drug
heparin is an approved drug (FDA (1939))
Compound class: Metabolite or derivative
Comment: Heparin is an endogenous secretory glycosaminoglycan (GAG) that is released predominantly from connective tissue mast cells. Isolated heparin is used clinically as an anti-coagulant. Structurally, heparins (generally known as unfractionated heparin) are a heterogeneous group of anionic, sulfated GAGs. Commercial preparations usually vary in size from 12-15 kDa, while a low molecular weight (fractionated) versions are also available. Database entries may specify the sodium salt forms.

SARS-CoV-2: There is strong experimental evidence which shows that heparin interacts directly with GAG-binding motifs on the Spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 [3], and that inhibiting this interaction can reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection of host cells [6,8]. These findings suggest that heparin may offer repurposing potential as a prophylactic COVID-19 therapeutic [2], in addition to its benefit as a treatment for COVID-19-related thrombotic complications.
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species
2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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Physico-chemical Properties
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Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the CDK toolkit. All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

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Hydrogen bond acceptors 35
Hydrogen bond donors 14
Rotatable bonds 19
Topological polar surface area 588.61
Molecular weight 1039.04
XLogP -11.46
No. Lipinski's rules broken 3
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

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Canonical SMILES CC(=O)NC1C(OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OC2C(O)OC(C(C2CS(=O)(=O)O)OS(=O)(=O)O)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)OS(=O)(=O)O)O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)OC(C(C1O)O)COS(=O)(=O)O
Isomeric SMILES CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)O[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2CS(=O)(=O)O)OS(=O)(=O)O)O[C@@H]2[C@@H](OC([C@@H]([C@H]2O)OS(=O)(=O)O)O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1O)O)COS(=O)(=O)O
InChI InChI=1S/C26H41NO34S4/c1-4(28)27-7-9(30)8(29)6(2-52-63(43,44)45)53-24(7)56-15-10(31)11(32)25(58-19(15)21(36)37)55-13-5(3-62(40,41)42)14(60-64(46,47)48)26(59-22(13)38)57-16-12(33)17(61-65(49,50)51)23(39)54-18(16)20(34)35/h5-19,22-26,29-33,38-39H,2-3H2,1H3,(H,27,28)(H,34,35)(H,36,37)(H,40,41,42)(H,43,44,45)(H,46,47,48)(H,49,50,51)/t5-,6+,7+,8+,9+,10+,11+,12-,13-,14+,15-,16-,17+,18+,19-,22-,23?,24+,25+,26-/m0/s1
InChI Key ZFGMDIBRIDKWMY-PASTXAENSA-N
Classification Click here for help
Compound class Metabolite or derivative
Approved drug? Yes (FDA (1939))
WHO Essential Medicine WHO Essential Medicines List (EML) (23rd List, 2023). Access PDF version.
Click to view more information about the WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines.
IUPAC Name Click here for help
(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-{[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-{[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-2-carboxy-4,6-dihydroxy-5-(sulfooxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-2-hydroxy-4-(sulfomethyl)-5-(sulfooxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-3-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[(sulfooxy)methyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid
International Nonproprietary Names Click here for help
INN number INN
392 heparin sodium
Synonyms Click here for help
HepFlush®
Database Links Click here for help
Specialist databases
Reactome Drug Reactome logo R-ALL-9693067
Reactome Reaction Reactome logo R-HSA-140791, R-HSA-140806, R-HSA-140870, R-HSA-140872
Other databases
CAS Registry No. 9005-49-6
ChEBI CHEBI:28304
ChEMBL Ligand CHEMBL526514
DrugBank Ligand DB01109
GtoPdb PubChem SID 178101031
PubChem CID 22833565
Search Google for chemical match using the InChIKey ZFGMDIBRIDKWMY-PASTXAENSA-N
Search Google for chemicals with the same backbone ZFGMDIBRIDKWMY
Search PubMed clinical trials heparin sodium
Search PubMed titles heparin sodium
Search PubMed titles/abstracts heparin sodium
UniChem Compound Search for chemical match using the InChIKey ZFGMDIBRIDKWMY-PASTXAENSA-N
UniChem Connectivity Search for chemical match using the InChIKey ZFGMDIBRIDKWMY-PASTXAENSA-N
Wikipedia Heparin