ephedrine   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 556

Synonyms: Emerphed® (ephedrine sulfate injection)
Approved drug
ephedrine is an approved drug (FDA (2020))
Compound class: Synthetic organic
Comment: Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine, hypothesised to act principally as a β-adrenoceptor agonist. Natural ephedrine is used in Chinese traditional medicine as a treatment for asthma and bronchitis.
Chemically, ephedirine can exist as four stereoisomers: the (1R,2S) and (1S,2R) pair of enantiomers is known as ephedrine ( with the INN racephedrine aknowledging the racemic mixture), while (1R,2R) and (1S,2S) pair is known as pseudoephedrine. The (1R,2S) isomer is also named (-)-ephedrine or D-ephedrine. The (1S,2S) isomer being (+)-ephedrine or L-ephedrine. Pseudoephedrine is much less active than ephedrine.
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species
2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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Click here for structure editor
Physico-chemical Properties
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Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/). All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

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Hydrogen bond acceptors 2
Hydrogen bond donors 2
Rotatable bonds 3
Topological polar surface area 32.26
Molecular weight 165.12
XLogP 1.39
No. Lipinski's rules broken 0

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)

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Canonical SMILES CNC(C(c1ccccc1)O)C
Isomeric SMILES CN[C@H]([C@@H](c1ccccc1)O)C
InChI InChI=1S/C10H15NO/c1-8(11-2)10(12)9-6-4-3-5-7-9/h3-8,10-12H,1-2H3/t8-,10-/m0/s1
InChI Key KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WPRPVWTQSA-N

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)
Classification Click here for help
Compound class Synthetic organic
Approved drug? Yes (FDA (2020))
WHO Essential Medicine WHO Essential Medicines List (EML) (23rd List, 2023). Access PDF version.
Click to view more information about the WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines.
IUPAC Name Click here for help
(1R,2S)-2-methylamino-1-phenylpropan-1-ol
International Nonproprietary Names Click here for help
INN number INN
6626 racephedrine
Synonyms Click here for help
Emerphed® (ephedrine sulfate injection)
Database Links Click here for help
Specialist databases
GPCRdb Ligand ephedrine
Other databases
CAS Registry No. 299-42-3 (source: DrugBank)
ChEBI CHEBI:15407
ChEMBL Ligand CHEMBL211456
DrugBank Ligand DB01364
DrugCentral Ligand 1024
GtoPdb PubChem SID 135650234
PubChem CID 9294
Search Google for chemical match using the InChIKey KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WPRPVWTQSA-N
Search Google for chemicals with the same backbone KWGRBVOPPLSCSI
Search PubMed clinical trials racephedrine
Search PubMed titles racephedrine
Search PubMed titles/abstracts racephedrine
UniChem Compound Search for chemical match using the InChIKey KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WPRPVWTQSA-N
UniChem Connectivity Search for chemical match using the InChIKey KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WPRPVWTQSA-N
Wikipedia Ephedrine