clofazimine   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 9184

Synonyms: Lamprene®
Approved drug Immunopharmacology Ligand
clofazimine is an approved drug (FDA (1986))
Compound class: Synthetic organic
Comment: Clofazimine is a phenazine dye with anti-mycobacterial action (possibly via DNA binding) but is no longer perscribed in the US. It also has anti-inflammatory activities. State-dependent block of Kv1.3 channels by clofazimine offers therapeutic potential for selective immunosuppression in the context of autoimmune diseases in which Kv1.3-expressing T cells play a significant role [3].

SARS-CoV-2: A report in Nature has identified that clofazimine has anti-coronavirus activity, and that this is synergistic with the antiviral activity of remdesivir [6]. The drug was found to inhibit viral spike-mediated cell fusion and viral helicase activity in vitro, which translated to reduced pulmonary viral load, gut viral shedding and inflammation in an in vivo infection model. The authors suggest that their data supports the use of clofazimine in an outpatient setting for those infected with SARS-CoV-2, or for hospitalised COVID-19 patients if combined with remdesivir. Based on this evidence it is planned to progress clofazimine + remdesivir directly into Phase 2 clinical trial. A trial of clofazimine + interferon-1β is already underway.
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species
2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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Physico-chemical Properties
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Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the CDK toolkit. All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

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Hydrogen bond acceptors 3
Hydrogen bond donors 1
Rotatable bonds 4
Topological polar surface area 41.69
Molecular weight 472.12
XLogP 8.81
No. Lipinski's rules broken 1
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

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Canonical SMILES Clc1ccc(cc1)Nc1cc2nc3ccccc3n(c2cc1=NC(C)C)c1ccc(cc1)Cl
Isomeric SMILES Clc1ccc(cc1)Nc1cc2nc3ccccc3n(c2cc1=NC(C)C)c1ccc(cc1)Cl
InChI InChI=1S/C27H22Cl2N4/c1-17(2)30-24-16-27-25(15-23(24)31-20-11-7-18(28)8-12-20)32-22-5-3-4-6-26(22)33(27)21-13-9-19(29)10-14-21/h3-17,31H,1-2H3
InChI Key WDQPAMHFFCXSNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Classification Click here for help
Compound class Synthetic organic
Approved drug? Yes (FDA (1986))
WHO Essential Medicine WHO Essential Medicines List (EML) (22nd List, 2021). Access PDF version.
Click to view more information about the WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines.
IUPAC Name Click here for help
N,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3-propan-2-yliminophenazin-2-amine
International Nonproprietary Names Click here for help
INN number INN
2248 clofazimine
Synonyms Click here for help
Lamprene®
Database Links Click here for help
Specialist databases
Antibiotic DB Antibiotic DB Database logo 1420
Reactome Drug Reactome logo R-ALL-9695530
Reactome Reaction Reactome logo R-HSA-9685655
Other databases
ChEMBL Ligand CHEMBL1292
GtoPdb PubChem SID 315661264
PubChem CID 2794
Search Google for chemical match using the InChIKey WDQPAMHFFCXSNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Search Google for chemicals with the same backbone WDQPAMHFFCXSNU
Search PubMed clinical trials clofazimine
Search PubMed titles clofazimine
Search PubMed titles/abstracts clofazimine
UniChem Compound Search for chemical match using the InChIKey WDQPAMHFFCXSNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
UniChem Connectivity Search for chemical match using the InChIKey WDQPAMHFFCXSNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N