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Gene and Protein Information ![]() |
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class A G protein-coupled receptor | ||||||
Species | TM | AA | Chromosomal Location | Gene Symbol | Gene Name | Reference |
Human | 7 | 402 | 1q43 | OPN3 | opsin 3 | |
Mouse | 7 | 400 | 1 H3 | Opn3 | opsin 3 | |
Rat | 7 | 400 | 13q25 | Opn3 | opsin 3 |
Previous and Unofficial Names ![]() |
ECPN | Encephalopsin | Panopsin | opsin 3 |
Database Links ![]() |
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Specialist databases | |
GPCRdb | opn3_human (Hs), opn3_mouse (Mm) |
Other databases | |
Alphafold | Q9H1Y3 (Hs), Q9WUK7 (Mm) |
ChEMBL Target | CHEMBL4523919 (Hs) |
Ensembl Gene | ENSG00000054277 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000026525 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000003778 (Rn) |
Entrez Gene | 23596 (Hs), 13603 (Mm), 498289 (Rn) |
Human Protein Atlas | ENSG00000054277 (Hs) |
KEGG Gene | hsa:23596 (Hs), mmu:13603 (Mm), rno:498289 (Rn) |
OMIM | 606695 (Hs) |
Pharos | Q9H1Y3 (Hs) |
RefSeq Nucleotide | NM_014322 (Hs), NM_010098 (Mm), NM_001191933 (Rn) |
RefSeq Protein | NP_055137 (Hs), NP_034228 (Mm), NP_001178862 (Rn) |
UniProtKB | Q9H1Y3 (Hs), Q9WUK7 (Mm) |
Wikipedia | OPN3 (Hs) |
Natural/Endogenous Ligands ![]() |
Comments: Probably a sensory receptor. |
Immunopharmacology Comments |
Primarily considered a sensory receptor, but expression in immune cells (macrophages, primary T cells and dendritic cells), altered IL-2 production by T cells with OPN3 knockout, and polymorphisms associated with asthma suggest a role in inflammation [6]. |
Tissue Distribution ![]() |
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Tissue Distribution Comments | ||||||||
Expression of OPN3 occurs early in ocular development of humans and mice [5]. OPN3 expression is developmentally regulated [1]. No expression of OPN3 is found in the embryonic cerebellum and cerebral cortex. The expession levels of OPN3 in cerebellum and cortex are higher in the adult than in the neonate. Rostrocaudal gradients of OPN3 expression are observed in cortex and striatum [1]. Both rostrocaudal gradients and radial stripes of OPN3 expression are seen in cerelbellum. |
Expression Datasets ![]() |
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Physiological Functions ![]() |
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Physiological Consequences of Altering Gene Expression ![]() |
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Gene Expression and Pathophysiology Comments | |
Polymorphisms in the OPN3 gene have been found to be associated with asthma [6]. |
Biologically Significant Variants ![]() |
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General Comments |
OPN3 depends on ERα for its expression in the pituitary [3]. |
1. Blackshaw S, Snyder SH. (1999) Encephalopsin: a novel mammalian extraretinal opsin discretely localized in the brain. J Neurosci, 19 (10): 3681-90. [PMID:10234000]
2. Halford S, Freedman MS, Bellingham J, Inglis SL, Poopalasundaram S, Soni BG, Foster RG, Hunt DM. (2001) Characterization of a novel human opsin gene with wide tissue expression and identification of embedded and flanking genes on chromosome 1q43. Genomics, 72 (2): 203-8. [PMID:11401433]
3. Kim HJ, Gieske MC, Trudgen KL, Hudgins-Spivey S, Kim BG, Krust A, Chambon P, Jeong JW, Blalock E, Ko C. (2011) Identification of estradiol/ERα-regulated genes in the mouse pituitary. J Endocrinol, 210 (3): 309-21. [PMID:21700660]
4. Nieto PS, Valdez DJ, Acosta-Rodríguez VA, Guido ME. (2011) Expression of novel opsins and intrinsic light responses in the mammalian retinal ganglion cell line RGC-5. Presence of OPN5 in the rat retina. PLoS ONE, 6 (10): e26417. [PMID:22022612]
5. Tarttelin EE, Bellingham J, Bibb LC, Foster RG, Hankins MW, Gregory-Evans K, Gregory-Evans CY, Wells DJ, Lucas RJ. (2003) Expression of opsin genes early in ocular development of humans and mice. Exp Eye Res, 76 (3): 393-6. [PMID:12573668]
6. White JH, Chiano M, Wigglesworth M, Geske R, Riley J, White N, Hall S, Zhu G, Maurio F, Savage T, Anderson W, Cordy J, Ducceschi M, GAIN investigators, Vestbo J, Pillai SG. (2008) Identification of a novel asthma susceptibility gene on chromosome 1qter and its functional evaluation. Hum Mol Genet, 17 (13): 1890-903. [PMID:18344558]
Opsin receptors: OPN3. Last modified on 15/07/2019. Accessed on 14/02/2025. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY, https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=160.