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Gene and Protein Information | ||||||
Species | TM | AA | Chromosomal Location | Gene Symbol | Gene Name | Reference |
Human | 1 | 458 | 12p13.31 | CD4 | CD4 molecule | |
Mouse | 1 | 457 | 6 59.17 cM | Cd4 | CD4 antigen | |
Rat | 1 | 457 | 4q42 | Cd4 | Cd4 molecule | |
Gene and Protein Information Comments | ||||||
Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified in the human CD4 gene. |
Previous and Unofficial Names |
CD4 antigen (p55) | T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4 | cluster of differentiation 4 |
Database Links | |
Alphafold | P01730 (Hs), P06332 (Mm), P05540 (Rn) |
ChEMBL Target | CHEMBL2754 (Hs) |
Ensembl Gene | ENSG00000010610 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000023274 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000016294 (Rn) |
Entrez Gene | 920 (Hs), 12504 (Mm), 24932 (Rn) |
Human Protein Atlas | ENSG00000010610 (Hs) |
KEGG Gene | hsa:920 (Hs), mmu:12504 (Mm), rno:24932 (Rn) |
OMIM | 186940 (Hs) |
Pharos | P01730 (Hs) |
RefSeq Nucleotide | NM_000616 (Hs), NM_013488 (Mm), NM_012705 (Rn) |
RefSeq Protein | NP_000607 (Hs), NP_038516 (Mm), NP_036837 (Rn) |
UniProtKB | P01730 (Hs), P06332 (Mm), P05540 (Rn) |
Wikipedia | CD4 (Hs) |
Download all structure-activity data for this target as a CSV file
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Immunopharmacology Comments |
CD4 is being targeted for clinical utility in inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), neoplasms derived from T helper cells (T cell lymphomas and related malignancies), and for anti-HIV potential. Depending on the design of CD4 targeting antibodies, they can produce immunosuppressive effects via activation of Tregs and induction of tolerance, block HIV binding to CD4 to prevent HIV infection, or induce depletion of CD4+ T cells by apoptosis, ADCC, or CDC [6,10]. Rheumatoid arthritis Zanolimumab (HuMax-CD4) is an anti-CD4 monoclonal (mAb) that was investigated for non-HIV indications. It has immunosuppressive activity that was expected to be of benefit in the treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions such as RA and psoriasis, and also for T cell lymphomas [5,8]. However, clinical trials evaluating zanolimumab have been terminated and development discontinued. Tregalizumab was a Phase 2 immunosuppresive anti-CD4 mAb for RA [3,7,11]. A combination of methotrexate plus tregalizumab failed to produce a better response than methotrexate alone in Phase 2 clinical trial (NCT01999192) [9]. HIV The anti-CD4 mAb ibalizumab is non-immunosuppressive and acts as an HIV entry inhibitor [2,4]. It was FDA approved in March 2018 for the treatment of HIV patients who have limited conventional anti-retroviral treatment options. |
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General Comments |
CD4 is a cell membrane-bound glycoprotein that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily of proteins. It plays an essential role in the immune response. CD4's major function is as a co-receptor of the T cell receptor (TCR), which facilitates TCR interaction with MHC class II molecule:antigen complexes on antigen presenting cells, which subsequently leads to activation of T helper cells and production/release of immune system modulators. The intracellular cytoplasmic tail of ligand-engaged CD4 recruits the tyrosine kinase Lck to initiate the signalling cascade that culminates in immune system modulation. CD4 is also the primary receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) envelope protein gp120, and this ligand-receptor interaction facilitates recruitment of additional co-receptors (CCR5 or CXCR4) which are required for viral infection of T cells. This protein contains an immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain that resembles the antibody variable domain, that has been coined the 'V-set domain'. The genes for all human V-set domain containing proteins are listed in HGNC gene group 590. |
1. Burkly LC, Olson D, Shapiro R, Winkler G, Rosa JJ, Thomas DW, Williams C, Chisholm P. (1992) Inhibition of HIV infection by a novel CD4 domain 2-specific monoclonal antibody. Dissecting the basis for its inhibitory effect on HIV-induced cell fusion. J Immunol, 149 (5): 1779-87. [PMID:1380539]
2. Duan LW, Zhang H, Zhao MT, Sun JX, Chen WL, Lin JP, Liu XQ. (2017) A non-canonical binding interface in the crystal structure of HIV-1 gp120 core in complex with CD4. Sci Rep, 7: 46733. [PMID:28429756]
3. Helling B, König M, Dälken B, Engling A, Krömer W, Heim K, Wallmeier H, Haas J, Wildemann B, Fritz B et al.. (2015) A specific CD4 epitope bound by tregalizumab mediates activation of regulatory T cells by a unique signaling pathway. Immunol Cell Biol, 93 (4): 396-405. [PMID:25512343]
4. Iacob SA, Iacob DG. (2017) Ibalizumab Targeting CD4 Receptors, An Emerging Molecule in HIV Therapy. Front Microbiol, 8: 2323. [PMID:29230203]
5. Kim YH, Duvic M, Obitz E, Gniadecki R, Iversen L, Osterborg A, Whittaker S, Illidge TM, Schwarz T, Kaufmann R et al.. (2007) Clinical efficacy of zanolimumab (HuMax-CD4): two phase 2 studies in refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Blood, 109 (11): 4655-62. [PMID:17311990]
6. Kon OM, Sihra BS, Loh LC, Barkans J, Compton CH, Barnes NC, Larché M, Kay AB. (2001) The effects of an anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody, keliximab, on peripheral blood CD4+ T-cells in asthma. Eur Respir J, 18 (1): 45-52. [PMID:11510804]
7. König M, Rharbaoui F, Aigner S, Dälken B, Schüttrumpf J. (2016) Tregalizumab - A Monoclonal Antibody to Target Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol, 7: 11. [PMID:26834751]
8. Mestel DS, Beyer M, Möbs M, Steinhoff M, Sterry W, Assaf C. (2008) Zanolimumab, a human monoclonal antibody targeting CD4 in the treatment of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome. Expert Opin Biol Ther, 8 (12): 1929-39. [PMID:18990079]
9. van Vollenhoven RF, Keystone EC, Strand V, Pacheco-Tena C, Vencovský J, Behrens F, Racewicz A, Zipp D, Rharbaoui F, Wolter R et al.. (2018) Efficacy and safety of tregalizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to methotrexate: results of a phase IIb, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis, 77 (4): 495-499. [PMID:29343509]
10. Villadsen LS, Skov L, Dam TN, Dagnaes-Hansen F, Rygaard J, Schuurman J, Parren PW, van de Winkel JG, Baadsgaard O. (2007) In situ depletion of CD4+ T cells in human skin by Zanolimumab. Arch Dermatol Res, 298 (9): 449-55. [PMID:17091277]
11. Wijdenes J. (2004) Humanized anti-cd4 antibody with immunosuppressive properties. Patent number: WO2004083247 A1. Assignee: Biotest Ag. Priority date: 21/03/2003. Publication date: 30/09/2004.
CD molecules: CD4. Last modified on 07/08/2019. Accessed on 09/12/2024. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY, https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2995.