CD molecules C
Unless otherwise stated all data on this page refer to the human proteins. Gene information is provided for human (Hs), mouse (Mm) and rat (Rn).
Overview
Cluster of differentiation refers to an attempt to catalogue systematically a series of over 300 cell-surface proteins associated with immunotyping. Many members of the group have identified functions as enzymes (for example, see CD73 ecto-5'-nucleotidase) or receptors (for example, see CD41 integrin, alpha 2b subunit). Many CDs are targeted for therapeutic gain using antibodies for the treatment of proliferative disorders. A full listing of all the Clusters of Differentiation proteins is not possible in the Guide to PHARMACOLOGY; listed herein are selected members of the family targeted for therapeutic gain.
Targets
Comments
Further reading
How to cite this family page
Database page citation:
CD molecules. Accessed on 10/06/2023. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY, http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=852.
Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY citation:
Alexander SP, Kelly E, Mathie A, Peters JA, Veale EL et al. (2021) THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22: Introduction and Other Protein Targets. Br J Pharmacol. 178 Suppl 1:S1-S26.
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The endogenous ligands for human PD-1 are programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (CD274, Q9NZQ7) (PD-L1 aka CD274) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PD-L2; PDCD1LG2). These ligands are cell surface peptides, normally involved in immune system regulation. Expression of PD-1 by cancer cells induces immune tolerance and evasion of immune system attack [18]. Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies are used to induce immune checkpoint blockade as a therapeutic intervention in cancer, effectively re-establishing immune vigilance. Pembrolizumab was the first anti-PD-1 antibody to be approved by the US FDA.