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BB1 receptor

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Target not currently curated in GtoImmuPdb

Target id: 38

Nomenclature: BB1 receptor

Family: Bombesin receptors

Contents:

Gene and Protein Information Click here for help
class A G protein-coupled receptor
Species TM AA Chromosomal Location Gene Symbol Gene Name Reference
Human 7 390 6q24.1 NMBR neuromedin B receptor 4
Mouse 7 390 10 A2 Nmbr neuromedin B receptor 21
Rat 7 390 1p13 Nmbr neuromedin B receptor 5,35
Previous and Unofficial Names Click here for help
NMB-R [19,35] | BB1 | neuromedin B receptor | neuromedin-B-preferring bombesin receptor
Database Links Click here for help
Specialist databases
GPCRdb nmbr_human (Hs), nmbr_mouse (Mm), nmbr_rat (Rn)
Other databases
Alphafold P28336 (Hs), O54799 (Mm), P24053 (Rn)
ChEMBL Target CHEMBL3636 (Hs), CHEMBL4440 (Rn)
Ensembl Gene ENSG00000135577 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000019865 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000012103 (Rn)
Entrez Gene 4829 (Hs), 18101 (Mm), 25264 (Rn)
Human Protein Atlas ENSG00000135577 (Hs)
KEGG Gene hsa:4829 (Hs), mmu:18101 (Mm), rno:25264 (Rn)
OMIM 162341 (Hs)
Pharos P28336 (Hs)
RefSeq Nucleotide NM_002511 (Hs), NM_008703 (Mm), NM_012799 (Rn)
RefSeq Protein NP_002502 (Hs), NP_032729 (Mm), NP_036931 (Rn)
UniProtKB P28336 (Hs), O54799 (Mm), P24053 (Rn)
Wikipedia NMBR (Hs)
Natural/Endogenous Ligands Click here for help
gastrin-releasing peptide {Sp: Human} , gastrin-releasing peptide {Sp: Mouse, Rat} , gastrin-releasing peptide {Sp: Pig}
gastrin releasing peptide(14-27) (human)
GRP-(18-27) {Sp: Human, Pig} , GRP-(18-27) {Sp: Mouse, Rat}
neuromedin B {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat, Pig}
Comments: Neuromedin B is the endogenous agonist with the greatest potency

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Agonists
Key to terms and symbols View all chemical structures Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Action Value Parameter Reference
neuromedin B {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat, Pig} Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is endogenous in the given species Hs Full agonist 8.1 – 10.3 pKi 11,25,33
⤷ pKi 8.1 – 10.3 (Ki 7.9x10-9 – 5x10-11 M) [11,25,33]
[D-Phe6,β-Ala11,Phe13,Nle14]bombesin-(6-14) Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Full agonist 7.8 – 9.7 pKi 28,33
⤷ pKi 7.8 – 9.7 [28,33]
litorin Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Rn Full agonist 8.1 pKi 12,14
⤷ pKi 8.1 (Ki 7x10-9 M) [12,14]
ranatensin Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Rn Full agonist 7.9 pKi 12,14
⤷ pKi 7.9 (Ki 1.3x10-8 M) [12,14]
bombesin Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Rn Full agonist 7.5 – 7.7 pKi 1,28
⤷ pKi 7.5 – 7.7 (Ki 3.4x10-8 – 2.1x10-8 M) [1,28]
bombesin Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Full agonist 7.5 – 7.5 pKi 1,28
⤷ pKi 7.5 – 7.5 (Ki 3.4x10-8 – 3.2x10-8 M) [1,28]
[Phe13]bombesin Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Rn Full agonist 6.5 – 8.2 pKi 12,14,28
⤷ pKi 6.5 – 8.2 (Ki 3.5x10-7 – 6x10-9 M) [12,14,28]
phyllolitorin Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Rn Full agonist 7.3 pKi 12,14
⤷ pKi 7.3 (Ki 4.7x10-8 M) [12,14]
gastrin-releasing peptide {Sp: Human} Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Rn Full agonist 6.4 – 6.4 pKi 1,12,14,28
⤷ pKi 6.4 – 6.4 (Ki 4.4x10-7 – 4.03x10-7 M) [1,12,14,28]
Rhodei-litorin Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Rn Full agonist 6.3 pKi 12,14
⤷ pKi 6.3 (Ki 4.6x10-7 M) [12,14]
[Leu8]-phyllolitorin Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Rn Full agonist <5.0 pKi 12,14
⤷ pKi <5.0 (Ki >1x10-5 M) [12,14]
Rhodei-litorin Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Full agonist 9.6 – 9.8 pIC50 33
⤷ pIC50 9.6 – 9.8 (IC50 2.6x10-10 – 1.78x10-10 M) [33]
neuromedin B (1-30) (human) Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Full agonist 9.5 – 9.7 pIC50 33
⤷ pIC50 9.5 – 9.7 (IC50 3.04x10-10 – 1.98x10-10 M) [33]
[D-Phe6,β-Ala11,Phe13,Nle14]bombesin-(6-14) Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Full agonist 9.5 – 9.7 pIC50 33
⤷ pIC50 9.5 – 9.7 (IC50 3.2x10-10 – 2.1x10-10 M) [33]
Rhodei-litorin Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Rn Full agonist 9.0 pIC50 33
⤷ pIC50 9.0 (IC50 1.02x10-9 M) [33]
phyllolitorin Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Full agonist 8.6 – 8.6 pIC50 33
⤷ pIC50 8.6 – 8.6 (IC50 2.34x10-9 – 2.3x10-9 M) [33]
bombesin Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Full agonist 8.4 – 8.8 pIC50 33
⤷ pIC50 8.4 – 8.8 (IC50 3.7x10-9 – 1.77x10-9 M) [33]
ranatensin Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Full agonist 8.4 – 8.8 pIC50 33
⤷ pIC50 8.4 – 8.8 (IC50 4.47x10-9 – 1.48x10-9 M) [33]
phyllolitorin Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Rn Full agonist 7.7 pIC50 33
⤷ pIC50 7.7 (IC50 2.04x10-8 M) [33]
gastrin releasing peptide(14-27) (human) Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is endogenous in the given species Hs Full agonist 6.8 – 6.9 pIC50 33
⤷ pIC50 6.8 – 6.9 (IC50 1.48x10-7 – 1.23x10-7 M) [33]
[Leu8]-phyllolitorin Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Rn Full agonist 6.8 pIC50 33
⤷ pIC50 6.8 (IC50 1.45x10-7 M) [33]
gastrin releasing peptide(14-27) (human) Peptide Rn Full agonist 6.6 pIC50 33
⤷ pIC50 6.6 (IC50 2.3x10-7 M) [33]
[Leu8]-phyllolitorin Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Full agonist 6.5 – 6.5 pIC50
⤷ pIC50 6.5 – 6.5 (IC50 3.09x10-7 – 2.95x10-7 M)
MK-5046 Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Full agonist <5.0 pIC50 8,18
⤷ pIC50 <5.0 (IC50 >1x10-5 M) [8,18]
[125I][Tyr4]bombesin Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is labelled Ligand is radioactive Hs Full agonist - -
⤷
[125I]BH-NMB (human, mouse, rat) Peptide Ligand is labelled Ligand is radioactive Hs Full agonist - -
⤷
View species-specific agonist tables
Antagonists
Key to terms and symbols View all chemical structures Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Action Value Parameter Reference
PD 165929 Small molecule or natural product Hs Antagonist 8.2 pKd 9
⤷ pKd 8.2 (Kd 6.31x10-9 M) [9]
D-Nal-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys-Nal-NH2 Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Rn Antagonist 6.7 – 7.2 pKi 28
⤷ pKi 6.7 – 7.2 (Ki 2.2x10-7 – 5.9x10-8 M) [28]
kuwanon H Small molecule or natural product Rn Antagonist 5.2 pKi 16
⤷ pKi 5.2 (Ki 6.5x10-6 M) [16]
PD 176252 Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Antagonist 9.3 – 9.8 pIC50 6
⤷ pIC50 9.3 – 9.8 (IC50 5.3x10-10 – 1.7x10-10 M) [6]
PD 168368 Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Antagonist 9.3 – 9.6 pIC50 6
⤷ pIC50 9.3 – 9.6 (IC50 5.1x10-10 – 2.5x10-10 M) [6]
PD 168368 Small molecule or natural product Rn Antagonist 7.3 – 7.4 pIC50 28
⤷ pIC50 7.3 – 7.4 (IC50 4.5x10-8 – 3.9x10-8 M) [28]
D-Nal-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys-Nal-NH2 Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Antagonist 6.2 – 6.6 pIC50 6
⤷ pIC50 6.2 – 6.6 (IC50 6.05x10-7 – 2.75x10-7 M) [6]
D-Nal,Cys,Tyr,D-Trp,Orn,Val,Cys,Nal-NH2 Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Antagonist 6.2 – 6.3 pIC50 6
⤷ pIC50 6.2 – 6.3 (IC50 6.3x10-7 – 4.68x10-7 M) [6]
D-Nal-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys-Nal-NH2 Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Rn Antagonist 6.0 pIC50 23
⤷ pIC50 6.0 (IC50 9.97x10-7 M) [23]
JMV641 Peptide Rn Antagonist 5.8 pIC50 31
⤷ pIC50 5.8 (IC50 1.5x10-6 M) [31]
bantag-1 Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Antagonist 5.0 – 5.5 pIC50 7,18
⤷ pIC50 5.0 – 5.5 (IC50 1x10-5 – 3.3x10-6 M) [7,18]
JMV594 Peptide Rn Antagonist <5.0 pIC50 31
⤷ pIC50 <5.0 (IC50 >1x10-5 M) [31]
[D-Phe6, Leu13, Cpa14,ψ13-14]bombesin-(6-14) Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Antagonist <5.0 pIC50 6
⤷ pIC50 <5.0 (IC50 >1x10-5 M) [6]
View species-specific antagonist tables
Primary Transduction Mechanisms Click here for help
Transducer Effector/Response
Gq/G11 family Phospholipase C stimulation
References:  2
Tissue Distribution Click here for help
Testis, Brain (olfactory, thalamic), esophagus, duodenum, rectum and uterus.
Species:  Mouse
Technique:  Northern blotting, RT-PCR, in situ hybridisation.
References:  21
Brain (olfactory bulb and central thalamic regions), and esophagus.
Species:  Rat
Technique:  Radioligand binding.
References:  35
Expression Datasets Click here for help

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Log average relative transcript abundance in mouse tissues measured by qPCR from Regard, J.B., Sato, I.T., and Coughlin, S.R. (2008). Anatomical profiling of G protein-coupled receptor expression. Cell, 135(3): 561-71. [PMID:18984166] [Raw data: website]

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Functional Assays Click here for help
Calcium-dependent chloride currents in Xenopus oocytes injected with RNA for the human BB1 receptor could be measured in response to NMB and not blocked by the BB2 specific inhibitor [D-phe]BN(6-13).
Species:  Human
Tissue:  Xenopus oocytes.
Response measured:  Production of chloride currents.
References:  4
Assessment of tyrosine phosphorylation cascades (p125FAK).
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  C6 glioblastoma cells.
Response measured:  Phosphorylation of tyrosine 125 of FAK.
References:  32
Measurement of PLC and PLD activity in rat glioblastoma cells (C6) containing low levels of native BB1 receptors and BALB 3T3 cells transfected with rBB1 receptor.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Rat C6 cells and BALB 3T3 cells.
Response measured:  Stimulation of PLC and PLD activity.
References:  10
Assessment of tyrosine phosphorylation cascades (MAP kinase activation).
Species:  Human
Tissue:  Umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Response measured:  Tyrosine 42/44 phosphoryation.
References:  24
Assessment of tyrosine phosphorylation cascades (MAP kinase activation).
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Rat1 cells transfected with rBB1 receptor.
Response measured:  Tyrosine 42/44 phosphoryation.
References:  3
Physiological Functions Click here for help
Growth regulation.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  colonic epithelial cells.
References:  15
Scratching behavior.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  30
Receptor activation suppresses food intake by increasing postingestive negative feedback, not by decreasing the palatability of the food.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  In vivo
References:  29
Inhibits thyrotropin release.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  In vivo, rat pituitary cells.
References:  22,26-27
Control of body temperature.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  BB1 receptor knockout mice.
References:  20
Nociceptive signalling role.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  In vivo.
References:  17
Contraction of smooth musce (GI and urogenital tracts).
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Esophageal muscle, urogenital muscle.
References:  13,34
Physiological Consequences of Altering Gene Expression Click here for help
BB1 receptor knockout mice show a disruption in thermoregulation, but no effect on smooth muscle contraction or feeding suppression, providing evidence that the 3 bombesin receptors have distinct tissue functions.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  In vivo.
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  20
BB1 receptor knockouts showed altered behavioural responsiveness to stress. Knockout mice subjected to stress show memory impairment, although no change to anxiety levels or pain response.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  In vivo.
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  37
BB1 receptor knockout mice show decreased marble burying behaviour. This has previously been found to be mediated by 5-HT neurons, and so the BB1 receptor may modulate 5-HT neuronal activity.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  In vivo.
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  38
BB1 receptor knockout mice show reduced hypothermic effect of NMB, but not the effects on gastric smooth muscle contraction or feeding behavior.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  In vivo.
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  20
BB1 receptor knockout mice showed increased stress vunerability. The knockout mice showed normal maternal behaviour until they were subjected to restraint-induced stress, which caused the mice to exhibit severely decreased maternal behaviour.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  In vivo.
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  36
Phenotypes, Alleles and Disease Models Click here for help Mouse data from MGI

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Allele Composition & genetic background Accession Phenotype Id Phenotype Reference
Nmbrtm1Hoh Nmbrtm1Hoh/Nmbrtm1Hoh
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6J		 MGI:1100525  MP:0001777 abnormal body temperature regulation PMID: 9920658 
Nmbrtm1Hoh Nmbrtm1Hoh/Nmbrtm1Hoh
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6J		 MGI:1100525  MP:0001386 abnormal maternal nurturing PMID: 12231437 
Biologically Significant Variant Comments
It is predicted that glycosylation of aa 8, 16, and 192 may occur in both human and mouse and that glycosylation of aa 8 and 192 may occur in rats.

References

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1. Benya RV, Kusui T, Pradhan TK, Battey JF, Jensen RT. (1995) Expression and characterization of cloned human bombesin receptors. Mol Pharmacol, 47 (1): 10-20. [PMID:7838118]

2. Benya RV, Wada E, Battey JF, Fathi Z, Wang LH, Mantey SA, Coy DH, Jensen RT. (1992) Neuromedin B receptors retain functional expression when transfected into BALB 3T3 fibroblasts: analysis of binding, kinetics, stoichiometry, modulation by guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, and signal transduction and comparison with natively expressed receptors. Mol Pharmacol, 42 (6): 1058-68. [PMID:1336112]

3. Charlesworth A, Broad S, Rozengurt E. (1996) The bombesin/GRP receptor transfected into Rat-1 fibroblasts couples to phospholipase C activation, tyrosine phosphorylation of p125FAK and paxillin and cell proliferation. Oncogene, 12 (6): 1337-45. [PMID:8649836]

4. Corjay MH, Dobrzanski DJ, Way JM, Viallet J, Shapira H, Worland P, Sausville EA, Battey JF. (1991) Two distinct bombesin receptor subtypes are expressed and functional in human lung carcinoma cells. J Biol Chem, 266 (28): 18771-9. [PMID:1655761]

5. Giladi E, Nagalla SR, Spindel ER. (1993) Molecular cloning and characterization of receptors for the mammalian bombesin-like peptides. J Mol Neurosci, 4 (1): 41-54. [PMID:8391296]

6. González N, Mantey SA, Pradhan TK, Sancho V, Moody TW, Coy DH, Jensen RT. (2009) Characterization of putative GRP- and NMB-receptor antagonist's interaction with human receptors. Peptides, 30 (8): 1473-86. [PMID:19463875]

7. Guan XM, Chen H, Dobbelaar PH, Dong Y, Fong TM, Gagen K, Gorski J, He S, Howard AD, Jian T et al.. (2010) Regulation of energy homeostasis by bombesin receptor subtype-3: selective receptor agonists for the treatment of obesity. Cell Metab, 11 (2): 101-12. [PMID:20096642]

8. Guan XM, Metzger JM, Yang L, Raustad KA, Wang SP, Spann SK, Kosinski JA, Yu H, Shearman LP, Faidley TD et al.. (2011) Antiobesity effect of MK-5046, a novel bombesin receptor subtype-3 agonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 336 (2): 356-64. [PMID:21036912]

9. Hall MD, Higginbottom M, Horwell DC, Howson W, Hughes J, Jordan RE, Lewthwaite RA, Martin K, McKnight AT, O'Toole JC et al.. (1996) PD 165929- the first high affinity non-peptide neuromedin-B (NMB) receptor selective antagonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 6 (21): 2617-2622.

10. Hou W, Tsuda T, Jensen RT. (1998) Neuromedin B activates phospholipase D through both PKC-dependent and PKC-independent mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1391 (3): 337-50. [PMID:9555086]

11. Jensen RT, Battey JF, Spindel ER, Benya RV. (2008) International Union of Pharmacology. LXVIII. Mammalian bombesin receptors: nomenclature, distribution, pharmacology, signaling, and functions in normal and disease states. Pharmacol Rev, 60 (1): 1-42. [PMID:18055507]

12. Katsuno T, Pradhan TK, Ryan RR, Mantey SA, Hou W, Donohue PJ, Akeson MA, Spindel ER, Battey JF, Coy DH et al.. (1999) Pharmacology and cell biology of the bombesin receptor subtype 4 (BB4-R). Biochemistry, 38 (22): 7307-20. [PMID:10353842]

13. Kilgore WR, Mantyh PW, Mantyh CR, McVey DC, Vigna SR. (1993) Bombesin/GRP-preferring and neuromedin B-preferring receptors in the rat urogenital system. Neuropeptides, 24: 43-52. [PMID:8381528]

14. Mantey SA, Weber HC, Sainz E, Akeson M, Ryan RR, Pradhan TK, Searles RP, Spindel ER, Battey JF, Coy DH et al.. (1997) Discovery of a high affinity radioligand for the human orphan receptor, bombesin receptor subtype 3, which demonstrates that it has a unique pharmacology compared with other mammalian bombesin receptors. J Biol Chem, 272 (41): 26062-71. [PMID:9325344]

15. Matusiak D, Glover S, Nathaniel R, Matkowskyj K, Yang J, Benya RV. (2005) Neuromedin B and its receptor are mitogens in both normal and malignant epithelial cells lining the colon. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 288 (4): G718-28. [PMID:15528253]

16. Mihara S, Hara M, Nakamura M, Sakurawi K, Tokura K, Fujimoto M, Fukai T, Nomura T. (1995) Non-peptide bombesin receptor antagonists, kuwanon G and H, isolated from mulberry. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 213 (2): 594-9. [PMID:7646517]

17. Mishra SK, Holzman S, Hoon MA. (2012) A nociceptive signaling role for neuromedin B. J Neurosci, 32 (25): 8686-95. [PMID:22723708]

18. Moreno P, Mantey SA, Nuche-Berenguer B, Reitman ML, Gonzalez N, , Coy DH, Jensen RT. (2013) Comparative Pharmacology of Bombesin Receptor Subtype-3, Nonpeptide Agonist MK-5046, a Universal Peptide Agonist, and Peptide Antagonist Bantag-1 for Human Bombesin Receptors. Pharmacol Exp Therap, 347 (1): 100-116. [PMID:23892571]

19. Ohki-Hamazaki H. (2000) Neuromedin B. Prog Neurobiol, 62 (3): 297-312. [PMID:10840151]

20. Ohki-Hamazaki H, Sakai Y, Kamata K, Ogura H, Okuyama S, Watase K, Yamada K, Wada K. (1999) Functional properties of two bombesin-like peptide receptors revealed by the analysis of mice lacking neuromedin B receptor. J Neurosci, 19 (3): 948-54. [PMID:9920658]

21. Ohki-Hamazaki H, Wada E, Matsui K, Wada K. (1997) Cloning and expression of the neuromedin B receptor and the third subtype of bombesin receptor genes in the mouse. Brain Res, 762 (1-2): 165-72. [PMID:9262170]

22. Oliveira KJ, Cabanelas A, Veiga MA, Paula GS, Ortiga-Carvalho TM, Wada E, Wada K, Pazos-Moura CC. (2008) Impaired serum thyrotropin response to hypothyroidism in mice with disruption of neuromedin B receptor. Regul Pept, 146 (1-3): 213-7. [PMID:17931717]

23. Orbuch M, Taylor JE, Coy DH, Mrozinski Jr JE, Mantey SA, Battey JF, Moreau JP, Jensen RT. (1993) Discovery of a novel class of neuromedin B receptor antagonists, substituted somatostatin analogues. Mol Pharmacol, 44 (4): 841-50. [PMID:7901752]

24. Park HJ, Kim SR, Bae SK, Choi YK, Bae YH, Kim EC, Kim WJ, Jang HO, Yun I, Kim YM, Bae MK. (2009) Neuromedin B induces angiogenesis via activation of ERK and Akt in endothelial cells. Experimental Cell Research, 315 (19): 3359-69. [PMID:19703440]

25. Ramos-Álvarez I, Moreno P, Mantey SA, Nakamura T, Nuche-Berenguer B, Moody TW, Coy DH, Jensen RT. (2015) Insights into bombesin receptors and ligands: Highlighting recent advances. Peptides, 72: 128-44. [PMID:25976083]

26. Rettori V, Milenkovic L, Fahim AM, Polak J, Bloom SR, McCann SM. (1989) Role of neuromedin B in the control of the release of thyrotropin in the rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 86 (12): 4789-92. [PMID:2499891]

27. Rettori V, Pazos-Moura CC, Moura EG, Polak J, McCann SM. (1992) Role of neuromedin B in control of the release of thyrotropin in hypothyroid and hyperthyroid rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 89 (7): 3035-9. [PMID:1557409]

28. Ryan RR, Katsuno T, Mantey SA, Pradhan TK, Weber HC, Coy DH, Battey JF, Jensen RT. (1999) Comparative pharmacology of the nonpeptide neuromedin B receptor antagonist PD 168368. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 290 (3): 1202-11. [PMID:10454496]

29. Stratford TR, Gibbs J, Smith GP. (1995) Microstructural analysis of licking behavior following peripheral administration of bombesin or gastrin-releasing peptide. Peptides, 16 (5): 903-9. [PMID:7479333]

30. Su PY, Ko MC. (2011) The role of central gastrin-releasing peptide and neuromedin B receptors in the modulation of scratching behavior in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 337 (3): 822-9. [PMID:21421741]

31. Tokita K, Katsuno T, Hocart SJ, Coy DH, Llinares M, Martinez J, Jensen RT. (2001) Molecular basis for selectivity of high affinity peptide antagonists for the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor. J Biol Chem, 276 (39): 36652-63. [PMID:11463790]

32. Tsuda T, Kusui T, Jensen RT. (1997) Neuromedin B receptor activation causes tyrosine phosphorylation of p125FAK by a phospholipase C independent mechanism which requires p21rho and integrity of the actin cytoskeleton. Biochemistry, 36 (51): 16328-37. [PMID:9405068]

33. Uehara H, González N, Sancho V, Mantey SA, Nuche-Berenguer B, Pradhan T, Coy DH, Jensen RT. (2011) Pharmacology and selectivity of various natural and synthetic bombesin related peptide agonists for human and rat bombesin receptors differs. Peptides, 32 (8): 1685-99. [PMID:21729729]

34. Von Schrenck T, Heinz-Erian P, Moran T, Mantey SA, Gardner JD, Jensen RT. (1989) Neuromedin B receptor in esophagus: evidence for subtypes of bombesin receptors. Am J Physiol, 256 (4 Pt 1): G747-58. [PMID:2539739]

35. Wada E, Way J, Shapira H, Kusano K, Lebacq-Verheyden AM, Coy D, Jensen R, Battery J. (1991) cDNA cloning, characterization, and brain region-specific expression of a neuromedin-B-preferring bombesin receptor. Neuron, 6 (3): 421-30. [PMID:1848080]

36. Yamada K, Santo-Yamada Y, Wada K. (2002) Restraint stress impaired maternal behavior in female mice lacking the neuromedin B receptor (NMB-R) gene. Neurosci Lett, 330 (2): 163-6. [PMID:12231437]

37. Yamada K, Santo-Yamada Y, Wada K. (2003) Stress-induced impairment of inhibitory avoidance learning in female neuromedin B receptor-deficient mice. Physiol Behav, 78 (2): 303-9. [PMID:12576129]

38. Yamada K, Wada E, Yamano M, Sun YJ, Ohara-Imaizumi M, Nagamatsu S, Wada K. (2002) Decreased marble burying behavior in female mice lacking neuromedin-B receptor (NMB-R) implies the involvement of NMB/NMB-R in 5-HT neuron function. Brain Res, 942 (1-2): 71-8. [PMID:12031854]

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