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Gene and Protein Information  |
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| Species | TM | P Loops | AA | Chromosomal Location | Gene Symbol | Gene Name | Reference |
| Human | 6 | 1 | 580 | 19p13.2 | MCOLN1 | mucolipin TRP cation channel 1 | 1,28 |
| Mouse | 6 | 1 | 580 | 8 1.92 cM | Mcoln1 | mucolipin 1 | 15 |
| Rat | 6 | 1 | 580 | 12p12 | Mcoln1 | mucolipin TRP cation channel 1 | |
| Previous and Unofficial Names |
| MCOLN1 | Mucolipin1 | ML1 | mucolipin 1 |
| Database Links |
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| Alphafold | Q9GZU1 (Hs), Q99J21 (Mm) |
| ChEMBL Target | CHEMBL4524043 (Hs) |
| Ensembl Gene | ENSG00000090674 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000004567 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000000975 (Rn) |
| Entrez Gene | 57192 (Hs), 94178 (Mm), 288371 (Rn) |
| Human Protein Atlas | ENSG00000090674 (Hs) |
| KEGG Gene | hsa:57192 (Hs), mmu:94178 (Mm), rno:288371 (Rn) |
| OMIM | 605248 (Hs) |
| Orphanet | ORPHA123175 (Hs) |
| Pharos | Q9GZU1 (Hs) |
| RefSeq Nucleotide | NM_020533 (Hs), NM_053177 (Mm), NM_001105903 (Rn) |
| RefSeq Protein | NP_065394 (Hs), NP_444407 (Mm), NP_001099373 (Rn) |
| UniProtKB | Q9GZU1 (Hs), Q99J21 (Mm) |
| Wikipedia | MCOLN1 (Hs) |
| Selected 3D Structures |
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| Associated Proteins |
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| Functional Characteristics |
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| TRPML1Va: γ = 40 pS and 76-86 pS at very negative holding potentials with Fe2+ and monovalent cations as charge carriers, respectively; conducts Na+≅ K+>Cs+ and divalent cations (Ba2+>Mn2+>Fe2+>Ca2+> Mg2+> Ni2+>Co2+> Cd2+>Zn2+>>Cu2+); monovalent cation flux suppressed by divalent cations (e.g. Ca2+, Fe2+); inwardly rectifying | |
| Ion Selectivity and Conductance |
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| Ion Selectivity and Conductance Comments | ||||||
| The activating mutation (V432P) and surface-expressing mutation (L15L/AA-L577L/AA, abbreviated as TRPML1–4A) channels are unlikely to affect the pore properties and are currently accepted as representing the wild type TRPML1 permeation properties if such data are not available for wild type TRPML1. Ion selectivity in mouse was measured using the activating mutation (V432P) of TRPML1. Ion conductance (pS) was recorded at between 11 (from -80 to 40 mV) and 76 (from -140 to -100 mV) in the modified (pH 4.6) “Tyrode” solution (extracellular/luminal) [33-34,38]. Human TRPML1 ion selectivity is Ba2+>Mn2+>Fe2+=Ca2+=Mg2+>Ni2+ =Co2+=Cd2+>Zn2+>>Cu2+ (at pH 4.6, with pS measured at 32-40 in the presence of 30-105mM Fe2+, measured using the activating mutation (V432P) of TRPML1) [11]. |
| Voltage Dependence Comments |
| Activation is strong inwardly rectifying. Activation is instantaneous at negative voltages and there is no time-dependent inactivation at negative voltages [34]. |
| Activators (Human) |
| TRPML1Va: Constitutively active, current potentiated by extracellular acidification (equivalent to intralysosomal acidification) |
Download all structure-activity data for this target as a CSV file 
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| Key to terms and symbols | View all chemical structures | Click column headers to sort | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Activator Comments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ML SA1 (1-20µM), SF-22 (100µM) and SF-51 (100µM) all activate TRPML1 in various cells and heterologous expression systems [17,25]. Proton and sphingosine can up-regulate the channel activity in the presence of agonists. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Inhibitors | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Gating Inhibitor Comments | ||
| Sphingomyelins (20µM, [25]), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2, 0.2µM, [38]) and verapamil (1µM, [34]) are reported to act as gating inhibitors of TRPML1. PI(4,5)P2 affects Popen of TRPML1 and verapamil affects the voltage-dependence of the TRPML1-V432P currents. |
| Channel Blockers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Channel Blocker Comments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The trivalent blocker, La3+ (100 µm), inhibits >80% of ITRPML1-C430P, ITRPML1-C431P, ITRPML1-V432P, and ITRPML1-R427P in a heterologous expression system [13]. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Immuno Process Associations | ||
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| Tissue Distribution
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| Functional Assays
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| Physiological Functions
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| Phenotypes, Alleles and Disease Models
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Mouse data from MGI | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Clinically-Relevant Mutations and Pathophysiology
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| Clinically-Relevant Mutations and Pathophysiology Comments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mucolipidosis IV is associated with mutations in TRPML1. For detailed molecular genetics involving Mucolipidosis IV, see the link to OMIM ID 252650 above. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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12. Dong XP, Shen D, Wang X, Dawson T, Li X, Zhang Q, Cheng X, Zhang Y, Weisman LS, Delling M et al.. (2010) PI(3,5)P(2) controls membrane trafficking by direct activation of mucolipin Ca(2+) release channels in the endolysosome. Nat Commun, 1: 38. [PMID:20802798]
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14. Eichelsdoerfer JL, Evans JA, Slaugenhaupt SA, Cuajungco MP. (2010) Zinc dyshomeostasis is linked with the loss of mucolipidosis IV-associated TRPML1 ion channel. J Biol Chem, 285 (45): 34304-8. [PMID:20864526]
15. Falardeau JL, Kennedy JC, Acierno Jr JS, Sun M, Stahl S, Goldin E, Slaugenhaupt SA. (2002) Cloning and characterization of the mouse Mcoln1 gene reveals an alternatively spliced transcript not seen in humans. BMC Genomics, 3: 3. [PMID:11897010]
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18. LaPlante JM, Falardeau J, Sun M, Kanazirska M, Brown EM, Slaugenhaupt SA, Vassilev PM. (2002) Identification and characterization of the single channel function of human mucolipin-1 implicated in mucolipidosis type IV, a disorder affecting the lysosomal pathway. FEBS Lett, 532 (1-2): 183-7. [PMID:12459486]
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21. Puertollano R, Kiselyov K. (2009) TRPMLs: in sickness and in health. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 296 (6): F1245-54. [PMID:19158345]
22. Rühl P, Rosato AS, Urban N, Gerndt S, Tang R, Abrahamian C, Leser C, Sheng J, Jha A, Vollmer G et al.. (2021) Estradiol analogs attenuate autophagy, cell migration and invasion by direct and selective inhibition of TRPML1, independent of estrogen receptors. Sci Rep, 11 (1): 8313. [PMID:33859333]
23. Samie MA, Grimm C, Evans JA, Curcio-Morelli C, Heller S, Slaugenhaupt SA, Cuajungco MP. (2009) The tissue-specific expression of TRPML2 (MCOLN-2) gene is influenced by the presence of TRPML1. Pflugers Arch, 459 (1): 79-91. [PMID:19763610]
24. Schmiege P, Fine M, Blobel G, Li X. (2017) Human TRPML1 channel structures in open and closed conformations. Nature, 550 (7676): 366-370. [PMID:29019983]
25. Shen D, Wang X, Li X, Zhang X, Yao Z, Dibble S, Dong XP, Yu T, Lieberman AP, Showalter HD et al.. (2012) Lipid storage disorders block lysosomal trafficking by inhibiting a TRP channel and lysosomal calcium release. Nat Commun, 3: 731. [PMID:22415822]
26. Slaugenhaupt SA. (2002) The molecular basis of mucolipidosis type IV. Curr Mol Med, 2 (5): 445-50. [PMID:12125810]
27. Spix B, Butz ES, Chen CC, Rosato AS, Tang R, Jeridi A, Kudrina V, Plesch E, Wartenberg P, Arlt E et al.. (2022) Lung emphysema and impaired macrophage elastase clearance in mucolipin 3 deficient mice. Nat Commun, 13 (1): 318. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27860-x [PMID:35031603]
28. Sun M, Goldin E, Stahl S, Falardeau JL, Kennedy JC, Acierno JS, Bove C, Kaneski CR, Nagle J, Bromley MC, Colman M, Schiffmann R, Slaugenhaupt SA. (2000) Mucolipidosis type IV is caused by mutations in a gene encoding a novel transient receptor potential channel. Hum Mol Genet, 9 (17): 2471-8. [PMID:11030752]
29. Venugopal B, Mesires NT, Kennedy JC, Curcio-Morelli C, Laplante JM, Dice JF, Slaugenhaupt SA. (2009) Chaperone-mediated autophagy is defective in mucolipidosis type IV. J Cell Physiol, 219 (2): 344-53. [PMID:19117012]
30. Vergarajauregui S, Connelly PS, Daniels MP, Puertollano R. (2008) Autophagic dysfunction in mucolipidosis type IV patients. Hum Mol Genet, 17 (17): 2723-37. [PMID:18550655]
31. Vergarajauregui S, Martina JA, Puertollano R. (2009) Identification of the penta-EF-hand protein ALG-2 as a Ca2+-dependent interactor of mucolipin-1. J Biol Chem, 284 (52): 36357-66. [PMID:19864416]
32. Vergarajauregui S, Martina JA, Puertollano R. (2011) LAPTMs regulate lysosomal function and interact with mucolipin 1: new clues for understanding mucolipidosis type IV. J Cell Sci, 124 (Pt 3): 459-68. [PMID:21224396]
33. Wang X, Zhang X, Dong XP, Samie M, Li X, Cheng X, Goschka A, Shen D, Zhou Y, Harlow J et al.. (2012) TPC proteins are phosphoinositide- activated sodium-selective ion channels in endosomes and lysosomes. Cell, 151 (2): 372-83. [PMID:23063126]
34. Xu H, Delling M, Li L, Dong X, Clapham DE. (2007) Activating mutation in a mucolipin transient receptor potential channel leads to melanocyte loss in varitint-waddler mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 104 (46): 18321-6. [PMID:17989217]
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36. Yu L, Zhang X, Yang Y, Li D, Tang K, Zhao Z, He W, Wang C, Sahoo N, Converso-Baran K et al.. (2020) Small-molecule activation of lysosomal TRP channels ameliorates Duchenne muscular dystrophy in mouse models. Sci Adv, 6 (6): eaaz2736. [PMID:32128386]
37. Zeevi DA, Lev S, Frumkin A, Minke B, Bach G. (2010) Heteromultimeric TRPML channel assemblies play a crucial role in the regulation of cell viability models and starvation-induced autophagy. J Cell Sci, 123 (Pt 18): 3112-24. [PMID:20736310]
38. Zhang X, Li X, Xu H. (2012) Phosphoinositide isoforms determine compartment-specific ion channel activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 109 (28): 11384-9. [PMID:22733759]
