Retinoic acid receptor-α

Target not currently curated in GtoImmuPdb

Target id: 590

Nomenclature: Retinoic acid receptor-α

Systematic Nomenclature: NR1B1

Family: 1B. Retinoic acid receptors

Annotation status: Annotated and expert reviewed. Please contact us if you can help with updates. » Email us

Gene and Protein Information
Previous and Unofficial Names
Database Links
Selected 3D Structures
Natural/Endogenous Ligands
Agonists
Antagonists
DNA Binding
Co-binding Partners
Main Co-regulators
Main Target Genes
Tissue Distribution
Functional Assays
Physiological Consequences of Altering Gene Expression
Phenotypes, Alleles and Disease Models
Clinically-Relevant Mutations and Pathophysiology
Biologically Significant Variants
References
How to cite this page

Gene and Protein Information
Species	AA	Chromosomal Location	Gene Symbol	Gene Name	Reference
Human	462	17q21.1	RARA	retinoic acid receptor alpha	49,55
Mouse	462	11D	Rara	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	40-41,49,72
Rat	459	10	Rara	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	1,49

Previous and Unofficial Names
RAR alpha 1 \| RAR \| RARα \| retinoic acid receptor

Previous and Unofficial Names

RAR alpha 1 | RAR | RARα | retinoic acid receptor

Database Links
Specialist databases
NURSA Receptor	10.1621/JN9YSZCSCU (Hs)
Other databases
CATH/Gene3D	3.30.50.10
ChEMBL Target	CHEMBL2055 (Hs), CHEMBL2792 (Mm)
DrugBank Target	P10276 (Hs)
Ensembl Gene	ENSG00000131759 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000037992 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000009972 (Rn)
Entrez Gene	5914 (Hs), 19401 (Mm), 24705 (Rn)
Human Protein Atlas	ENSG00000131759 (Hs)
KEGG Gene	hsa:5914 (Hs), mmu:19401 (Mm), rno:24705 (Rn)
OMIM	180240 (Hs)
Orphanet	ORPHA118227 (Hs)
RefSeq Nucleotide	NM_001145302 (Hs), NM_009024 (Mm), NM_001177302 (Mm), NM_001177303 (Mm), NM_001176528 (Mm), NM_031528 (Rn)
RefSeq Protein	NP_001138773 (Hs), NP_001019980 (Hs), NP_033050 (Mm), NP_113716 (Rn)
SynPHARM	6273 (in complex with BMS614) 83084 (in complex with Ro 40-6055) 7547 (in complex with Ro 40-6055) 79003 (in complex with tretinoin)
UniProtKB	P10276 (Hs), P11416 (Mm)
Wikipedia	RARA (Hs)

Selected 3D Structures

Image of receptor 3D structure from RCSB PDB

Description:	RAR-α ligand binding domain in complex with a corepressor - cocrystallised with inverse agonist
PDB Id:	3KMZ
Ligand:	BMS493
Resolution:	2.1Å
Species:	Human
References:	39

Description:	RAR-α complexed to a coactivate fragment-cocrystallised with RARα agonist
PDB Id:	3KMR
Ligand:	Ro 40-6055
Resolution:	1.8Å
Species:	Human
References:	39

Description:	Hetermeric complex (RAR-α and RXR-α Ligand-Binding Domains)-cocrystallised with RARα antagonist
PDB Id:	1DKF
Ligand:	BMS614
Resolution:	2.5Å
Species:	Human
References:	8

Natural/Endogenous Ligands
tretinoin

Download all structure-activity data for this target as a CSV file

Agonists

Key to terms and symbols

View all chemical structures

Click column headers to sort

Ligand		Sp.	Action	Value	Parameter	Reference
[³H]9-cis-retinoic acid		Mm	Full agonist	9.6	pK_d	2
⤷	pK_d 9.6 (K_d 2.4x10^-10 M) [2]
alitretinoin		Hs	Agonist	9.5	pK_d	31,51
⤷	pK_d 9.5 [31,51]
tretinoin		Hs	Agonist	9.4	pK_d	2,32-33,51,65
⤷	pK_d 9.4 [2,32-33,51,65]
AGN193836		Hs	Agonist	8.4	pK_d	5
⤷	pK_d 8.4 [5]
CD666		Hs	Agonist	5.7	pK_d	6
⤷	pK_d 5.7 [6]
Ro 40-6055		Hs	Agonist	-	pK_d	20
⤷	pK_d (K_d 6x10^-9 M) [20]
BMS753		Hs	Agonist	8.7	pK_i	29
⤷	pK_i 8.7 [29]
adapalene		Hs	Agonist	6.0	pK_i	10
⤷	pK_i 6.0 (K_i 1.1x10^-6 M) [10] Description: Binding affinity to RARα using [³H]CD 367 as radioligand.
Ro 40-6055		Hs	Agonist	9.5	pEC₅₀	11
⤷	pEC₅₀ 9.5 (EC₅₀ 3x10^-10 M) [11]
tretinoin		Hs	Agonist	7.8	pEC₅₀	11
⤷	pEC₅₀ 7.8 (EC₅₀ 1.7x10^-8 M) [11]
tamibarotene		Hs	Agonist	7.3	pEC₅₀	68
⤷	pEC₅₀ 7.3 (EC₅₀ 4.5x10^-8 M) [68]
tazarotene		Hs	Agonist	7.2	pEC₅₀	11
⤷	pEC₅₀ 7.2 (EC₅₀ 6.3x10^-8 M) [11]
trifarotene		Hs	Agonist	6.3	pEC₅₀	66
⤷	pEC₅₀ 6.3 (EC₅₀ 5x10^-7 M) [66] Description: In a reported assay measuring activation mediated by agonist binding to the RARα ligand-binding domain.
TTNPB		Hs	Agonist	7.4	pIC₅₀	32-33,51,65
⤷	pIC₅₀ 7.4 [32-33,51,65]
tamibarotene		Hs	Agonist	6.9	pIC₅₀	31,51,65
⤷	pIC₅₀ 6.9 [31,51,65]

View species-specific agonist tables

Agonist Comments

All-trans-retinoic acid is the most potent endogenous retinoid. The existence of 9-cis retinoic acid as a natural bioactive retinoid remains to be established. Synthetic compounds (reported above) are not metabolized by CYP26. No significant species variation has been reported. The possibility of establishing a hydrogen bond between an amino group present in the linker of the identified RARα-selective agonists and the RARα-specific Ser232 is predicted to favour RARα selectivity.
Adapalene is selective for the β and γ RARs over the α isoform [10].

Antagonists

Key to terms and symbols

View all chemical structures

Click column headers to sort

Ligand		Sp.	Action	Value	Parameter	Reference
AGN193109		Hs	Inverse agonist	8.7	pIC₅₀	34-35,65
⤷	pIC₅₀ 8.7 [34-35,65]
BMS614		Hs	Antagonist	8.7	pIC₅₀	8,26,29
⤷	pIC₅₀ 8.7 [8,26,29]
BMS493		Hs	Inverse agonist	8.4	pIC₅₀	26
⤷	pIC₅₀ 8.4 [26]
Ro 41-5253		Hs	Antagonist	6.3 – 7.2	pIC₅₀	4,32
⤷	pIC₅₀ 6.3 – 7.2 [4,32]

Antagonist Comments

No significant species variation has been reported.

DNA Binding

Structure:	Heterodimer, RXR partner
HRE core sequence:	5’-PuG(G/T)TCA-3’
Response element:	DR1, DR2, DR5

DNA Binding Comments

The classical sequence is a 5-pb-spaced direct repeat (DR5). In DR5 and DR2 RXR occupies the 5' element, whereas RARa occupies the 3' one (5'-RXR-RARa-3'). In DR1 elements, the polarity of these elements is inverted (5'-RARa-RXR-3').

Co-binding Partners
Name	Interaction	Effect	Reference
cyclin H/cdk7/TFIIH	Physical, Functional	TFIIH phosphorylates RARa1 in its A/B region (ser 77) by cdk7 subunit.	7,56-57
AP-1	Physical, Functional	RAR inhibits AP-1 driven transactivation and AP-1 represses RAR-mediated transcription	13,36,52,62,73
CRABPII	Physical, Functional	Indispensable to RARα-mediated transcription from the RARα2	21
PARP-1	Physical, Functional	Indispensable to RARα-mediated transcription from the RARα2	54

Main Co-regulators
Name	Activity	Specific	Ligand dependent	AF-2 dependent	Comments	References
NCOA1	Co-activator	No	Yes	Yes	A member of the p160 family	53,70
NCOR1	Co-repressor	No	No	No	Binding of an agonist to RARa causes NCoR dissociation	30,50
EP300	Co-activator	No	Yes	Yes	A common cointegrator	28
CREBBP	Co-activator	No	Yes	Yes	A common cointegrator	28
MED1	Co-activator	No	Yes	Yes	A member of the DRIP/TRAP/SMCC complex	28,37,47
NCOA3	Co-activator	No	Yes	Yes	A member of the p160 family	12
NCOA2	Co-activator	No	Yes	Yes	A member of the p160 family	69
NCOR2	Co-repressor	No	No	No	Binding of an agonist to RARa causes SMRT dissociation	13,61,71

Main Target Genes
Name	Species	Effect	Technique	Comments	References
CYP26	Human	Activated	Footprint, Transient transfection,ChIP,EMSA	CYP26 is also activated by RARa in mouse and rat. Note: promoter harbors a DR5 element.	45
RARB	Human	Activated	Footprint, Transient transfection,ChIP,EMSA	Activation is seen across all species including mouse and rat. Note: promoter harbors a DR5 element.	14,16,18,26
Crabp2	Mouse	Activated	Transient transfection, EMSA	Promoter harbors a DR2 element.	16,25
Hoxa1	Mouse	Activated		Promoter harbors a DR5 element.	16,24,38
Rbp1	Mouse	Activated	Transient transfection	Promoter harbors a DR2 element.	16,63

Tissue Distribution

ubiquitous

Species:	Human
Technique:	in situ hybridisation, Northern Blot, Western blotting
References:	22-23,27,38,58-60,72

Tissue Distribution Comments

Ubiquitous distribution pattern of the Rarα1 is also reported in both the mouse and rat.

Functional Assays

Cellular proliferation assay

Species:	Human
Tissue:	MCF-7 breast cancer cell line
Response measured:	Inihibition of cell proliferation
References:	17

Cellular differentiation assay

Species:	Mouse
Tissue:	F9 murine embryonal carcinoma cell line.
Response measured:	Parietal endodermal differentiation in the presence of cAMP
References:	64

Induction of maturation of acute myeloid leukemia cell lines.

Species:	Human
Tissue:	Leukemia cell lines (NB4 , PLB985, U937, HL60)
Response measured:	Histological NBT reaction, and analysis of CD11c integrin expression by direct immunofluorescence.
References:	3,15,37,51

Physiological Consequences of Altering Gene Expression

RARα null mutant : - abnormalities (growth retardation; male sterility; impaired alveolar formation). - congenital defects (webbed digits; homeotic transformations and malformations of cervical vertebrae; pterygoquadrate cartilage; malformation of the squamosal bone).

Species:	Mouse
Tissue:	Various
Technique:	Knock-out by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells
References:	43,46-48

Physiological Consequences of Altering Gene Expression Comments

Note that both the specific RARα1 null and RARα2 null mutants are apparently normal.

Phenotypes, Alleles and Disease Models

Mouse data from MGI

Show »« Hide

Allele	Composition & genetic background	Accession	Phenotype Id	Phenotype	Reference
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856	MP:0003235	abnormal alisphenoid bone morphology	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm4Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm4Ipc/Rarg^tm4Ipc involves: 129/Sv * 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0003235	abnormal alisphenoid bone morphology	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm2Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm2Ipc/Rarg^tm2Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0003235	abnormal alisphenoid bone morphology	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002747	abnormal aortic valve morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002747	abnormal aortic valve morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara⁺\|Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara⁺,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002747	abnormal aortic valve morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002257	abnormal arytenoid cartilage morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara⁺\|Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara⁺,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002257	abnormal arytenoid cartilage morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002257	abnormal arytenoid cartilage morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm4Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm4Ipc/Rarg^tm4Ipc involves: 129/Sv * 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002114	abnormal axial skeleton morphology	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm2Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm2Ipc/Rarg^tm2Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002114	abnormal axial skeleton morphology	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0000079	abnormal basioccipital bone morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002672	abnormal branchial arch artery morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002672	abnormal branchial arch artery morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara⁺\|Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara⁺,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002672	abnormal branchial arch artery morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002884	abnormal branchial arch morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002264	abnormal bronchus morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002264	abnormal bronchus morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara⁺\|Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara⁺,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002264	abnormal bronchus morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002127	abnormal cardiovascular system morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002127	abnormal cardiovascular system morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara⁺\|Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara⁺,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002127	abnormal cardiovascular system morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0000163	abnormal cartilage morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm4Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm4Ipc/Rarg^tm4Ipc involves: 129/Sv * 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0003048	abnormal cervical vertebrae morphology	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm2Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm2Ipc/Rarg^tm2Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0003048	abnormal cervical vertebrae morphology	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0010584	abnormal conotruncus septation	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002258	abnormal cricoid cartilage morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856	MP:0002258	abnormal cricoid cartilage morphology	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002258	abnormal cricoid cartilage morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002258	abnormal cricoid cartilage morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002258	abnormal cricoid cartilage morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara⁺\|Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara⁺,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002258	abnormal cricoid cartilage morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara⁺\|Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara⁺ involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856	MP:0002258	abnormal cricoid cartilage morphology	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm4Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm4Ipc/Rarg^tm4Ipc involves: 129/Sv * 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002258	abnormal cricoid cartilage morphology	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm2Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm2Ipc/Rarg^tm2Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002258	abnormal cricoid cartilage morphology	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002258	abnormal cricoid cartilage morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002085	abnormal embryonic tissue morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0000468	abnormal esophageal epithelium morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0001119	abnormal female reproductive system morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0001119	abnormal female reproductive system morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0008380	abnormal gonial bone morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm2Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm2Ipc/Rarg^tm2Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0005248	abnormal Harderian gland morphology	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856	MP:0003056	abnormal hyoid bone morphology	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm4Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm4Ipc/Rarg^tm4Ipc involves: 129/Sv * 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0003056	abnormal hyoid bone morphology	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0001076	abnormal hypoglossal nerve morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856	MP:0005106	abnormal incus morphology	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm4Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm4Ipc/Rarg^tm4Ipc involves: 129/Sv * 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0005106	abnormal incus morphology	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm2Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm2Ipc/Rarg^tm2Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0005106	abnormal incus morphology	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb⁺\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb⁺ involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0005106	abnormal incus morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0005106	abnormal incus morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0006063	abnormal inferior vena cava morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0008823	abnormal interventricular septum membranous part morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0008823	abnormal interventricular septum membranous part morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara⁺\|Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara⁺,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0008823	abnormal interventricular septum membranous part morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0000521	abnormal kidney cortex	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb⁺\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb⁺ involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0000521	abnormal kidney cortex	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0000521	abnormal kidney cortex	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0000527	abnormal kidney development	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002265	abnormal left major bronchus morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm4Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm4Ipc/Rarg^tm4Ipc involves: 129/Sv * 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0003049	abnormal lumbar vertebrae morphology	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm2Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm2Ipc/Rarg^tm2Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0003049	abnormal lumbar vertebrae morphology	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0001175	abnormal lung morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0000678	abnormal parathyroid gland morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0000678	abnormal parathyroid gland morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0000678	abnormal parathyroid gland morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara⁺\|Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara⁺,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0000678	abnormal parathyroid gland morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0000484	abnormal pulmonary artery morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0000484	abnormal pulmonary artery morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0005325	abnormal renal glomerulus morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb⁺\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb⁺ involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0005325	abnormal renal glomerulus morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0005325	abnormal renal glomerulus morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002703	abnormal renal tubule morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb⁺\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb⁺ involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002703	abnormal renal tubule morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002703	abnormal renal tubule morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002132	abnormal respiratory system morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002132	abnormal respiratory system morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb⁺\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb⁺ involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002132	abnormal respiratory system morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002132	abnormal respiratory system morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara⁺\|Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara⁺,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002132	abnormal respiratory system morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002266	abnormal right major bronchus morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0005508	abnormal skeleton morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0005508	abnormal skeleton morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856	MP:0005508	abnormal skeleton morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb⁺\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb⁺ involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0005508	abnormal skeleton morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara⁺\|Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara⁺,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0005508	abnormal skeleton morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0005508	abnormal skeleton morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856	MP:0006380	abnormal spermatid morphology	PMID: 15901285
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856	MP:0001156	abnormal spermatogenesis	PMID: 8394014
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856	MP:0001932	abnormal spermiogenesis	PMID: 15901285
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm4Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm4Ipc/Rarg^tm4Ipc involves: 129/Sv * 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0004423	abnormal squamosal bone morphology	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm2Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm2Ipc/Rarg^tm2Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0004423	abnormal squamosal bone morphology	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856	MP:0004423	abnormal squamosal bone morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb⁺\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb⁺ involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0004423	abnormal squamosal bone morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0004423	abnormal squamosal bone morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm2Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm2Ipc/Rarg^tm2Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0004665	abnormal stapedial artery morphology	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0005107	abnormal stapes morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara⁺\|Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara⁺,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0000157	abnormal sternum morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0000471	abnormal stomach epithelium morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0009527	abnormal sublingual duct morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856	MP:0001146	abnormal testis morphology	PMID: 8394014
Rara^tm3.1Ipc	Rara^tm3.1Ipc/Rara^tm3.1Ipc involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6 * SJL	MGI:97856	MP:0001146	abnormal testis morphology	PMID: 11857786
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm4Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm4Ipc/Rarg^tm4Ipc involves: 129/Sv * 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0003047	abnormal thoracic vertebrae morphology	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm2Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm2Ipc/Rarg^tm2Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0003047	abnormal thoracic vertebrae morphology	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0000703	abnormal thymus morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0000703	abnormal thymus morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0000703	abnormal thymus morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002260	abnormal thyroid cartilage morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856	MP:0002260	abnormal thyroid cartilage morphology	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002260	abnormal thyroid cartilage morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002260	abnormal thyroid cartilage morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara⁺\|Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara⁺,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002260	abnormal thyroid cartilage morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm4Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm4Ipc/Rarg^tm4Ipc involves: 129/Sv * 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002260	abnormal thyroid cartilage morphology	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm2Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm2Ipc/Rarg^tm2Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002260	abnormal thyroid cartilage morphology	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856	MP:0002260	abnormal thyroid cartilage morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb⁺\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb⁺ involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002260	abnormal thyroid cartilage morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002260	abnormal thyroid cartilage morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0000681	abnormal thyroid gland morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856	MP:0003120	abnormal tracheal cartilage morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb⁺\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb⁺ involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0003120	abnormal tracheal cartilage morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0003120	abnormal tracheal cartilage morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0003117	abnormal tracheal-esophageal septation	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002282	abnormal trachea morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002282	abnormal trachea morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002282	abnormal trachea morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002282	abnormal trachea morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara⁺\|Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara⁺,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002282	abnormal trachea morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0006032	abnormal ureteric bud morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0000534	abnormal ureter morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0000534	abnormal ureter morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0000534	abnormal ureter morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0000516	abnormal urinary system morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0001120	abnormal uterus morphology	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0001139	abnormal vagina morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb⁺\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb⁺ involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0000137	abnormal vertebrae morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0000137	abnormal vertebrae morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0004599	abnormal vertebral arch morphology	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0000159	abnormal xiphoid process	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0009054	absent anal canal	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0009054	absent anal canal	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0009072	absent cranial vagina	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0009072	absent cranial vagina	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0009072	absent cranial vagina	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0010565	absent fetal ductus arteriosus	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0010565	absent fetal ductus arteriosus	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb⁺\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb⁺ involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0010565	absent fetal ductus arteriosus	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0000520	absent kidney	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0001181	absent lungs	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0006425	absent Mullerian ducts	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0006425	absent Mullerian ducts	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0003575	absent oviduct	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0003575	absent oviduct	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0003642	absent seminal vesicle	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0004666	absent stapedial artery	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0003722	absent ureter	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0003558	absent uterus	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0003558	absent uterus	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0003558	absent uterus	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0003558	absent uterus	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0003557	absent vas deferens	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm4Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm4Ipc/Rarg^tm4Ipc involves: 129/Sv * 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0004620	cervical vertebral fusion	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm2Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm2Ipc/Rarg^tm2Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0004620	cervical vertebral fusion	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856	MP:0004615	cervical vertebral transformation	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb⁺\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb⁺ involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0004615	cervical vertebral transformation	PMID: 9240560
Rara⁺\|Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara⁺,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0004615	cervical vertebral transformation	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0004615	cervical vertebral transformation	PMID: 9240560
Rara⁺\|Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara⁺,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0000284	double outlet heart right ventricle	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002185	ectopia	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002185	ectopia	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002185	ectopia	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm2Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm2Ipc/Rarg^tm2Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0003007	ectopic thymus	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0010728	fusion of atlas and occipital bones	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856	MP:0010701	fusion of atlas and odontoid process	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb⁺\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb⁺ involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0010701	fusion of atlas and odontoid process	PMID: 9240560
Rara⁺\|Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara⁺,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0010701	fusion of atlas and odontoid process	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0010701	fusion of atlas and odontoid process	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856	MP:0004613	fusion of vertebral arches	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb⁺\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb⁺ involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0004613	fusion of vertebral arches	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0004613	fusion of vertebral arches	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0003924	herniated diaphragm	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0000519	hydronephrosis	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0000519	hydronephrosis	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0000519	hydronephrosis	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0000536	hydroureter	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0000536	hydroureter	PMID: 7607068
Rara⁺\|Rara^tm3.1Ipc\|Trim24^tm1.1Los	Rara^tm3.1Ipc/Rara⁺,Trim24^tm1.1Los/Trim24^tm1.1Los involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6 * SJL	MGI:109275 MGI:97856	MP:0003893	increased hepatocyte proliferation	PMID: 18026104
Rara^tm3Ipc\|Tg(Alb-cre)21Mgn\|Trim24^tm1Los	Rara^tm3Ipc/Rara^tm3Ipc,Tg(Alb-cre)21Mgn/?,Trim24^tm1Los/Trim24^tm1Los involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6 * DBA * SJL	MGI:109275 MGI:2176226 MGI:97856	MP:0003893	increased hepatocyte proliferation	PMID: 18026104
Rara⁺\|Rara^tm3Ipc\|Tg(Alb-cre)21Mgn\|Trim24^tm1Los	Rara^tm3Ipc/Rara⁺,Tg(Alb-cre)21Mgn/?,Trim24^tm1Los/Trim24^tm1Los involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6 * DBA * SJL	MGI:109275 MGI:2176226 MGI:97856	MP:0003893	increased hepatocyte proliferation	PMID: 18026104
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856	MP:0000571	interdigital webbing	PMID: 8394014
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856	MP:0004616	lumbar vertebral transformation	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0004616	lumbar vertebral transformation	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856	MP:0008280	male germ cell apoptosis	PMID: 15901285
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856	MP:0001925	male infertility	PMID: 8394014
Rara^tm3.1Ipc	Rara^tm3.1Ipc/Rara^tm3.1Ipc involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6 * SJL	MGI:97856	MP:0001925	male infertility	PMID: 11857786
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856	MP:0001925	male infertility	PMID: 15901285
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856	MP:0005287	narrow eye opening	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856	MP:0002058	neonatal lethality	PMID: 8394014
Rara^tm2Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856	MP:0002169	no abnormal phenotype detected	PMID: 8394014
Rara^tm1Rev	Rara^tm1Rev/Rara^tm1Rev involves: 129S4/SvJae	MGI:97856	MP:0002169	no abnormal phenotype detected	PMID: 7679509
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856	MP:0002687	oligozoospermia	PMID: 8394014
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856	MP:0002687	oligozoospermia	PMID: 15901285
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb⁺\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb⁺ involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0010418	perimembraneous ventricular septal defect	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0010418	perimembraneous ventricular septal defect	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002081	perinatal lethality	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002081	perinatal lethality	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002081	perinatal lethality	PMID: 7607068
Rara⁺\|Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara⁺,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002081	perinatal lethality	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm4Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm4Ipc/Rarg^tm4Ipc involves: 129/Sv * 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002081	perinatal lethality	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm2Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm2Ipc/Rarg^tm2Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002081	perinatal lethality	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002081	perinatal lethality	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0010711	persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0010572	persistent right dorsal aorta	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb⁺\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb⁺ involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0010572	persistent right dorsal aorta	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0010572	persistent right dorsal aorta	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002633	persistent truncus arteriosis	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002633	persistent truncus arteriosis	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb⁺\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb⁺ involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002633	persistent truncus arteriosis	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm4Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm4Ipc/Rarg^tm4Ipc involves: 129/Sv * 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002633	persistent truncus arteriosis	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0002633	persistent truncus arteriosis	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856	MP:0001732	postnatal growth retardation	PMID: 8394014
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856	MP:0002083	premature death	PMID: 8394014
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0002080	prenatal lethality	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb⁺\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb⁺ involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0001178	pulmonary hypoplasia	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0001178	pulmonary hypoplasia	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0003446	renal hypoplasia	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb⁺\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb⁺ involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0003446	renal hypoplasia	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0003446	renal hypoplasia	PMID: 7607068
Rara⁺\|Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara⁺,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0003446	renal hypoplasia	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm4Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm4Ipc/Rarg^tm4Ipc involves: 129/Sv * 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0003446	renal hypoplasia	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm2Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm2Ipc/Rarg^tm2Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0003446	renal hypoplasia	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0003446	renal hypoplasia	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm4Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm4Ipc/Rarg^tm4Ipc involves: 129/Sv * 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0004158	right aortic arch	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm2Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm2Ipc/Rarg^tm2Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0004158	right aortic arch	PMID: 9376317
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0004158	right aortic arch	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0009076	rudimentary Mullerian ducts	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm2Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm2Ipc/Rara^tm2Ipc,Rarb^tm1Ipc/Rarb^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0009076	rudimentary Mullerian ducts	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0009075	rudimentary Wolffian ducts	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856	MP:0001154	seminiferous tubule degeneration	PMID: 8394014
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0010702	split cervical atlas	PMID: 9240560
Rara⁺\|Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara⁺,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0010703	split cervical axis	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0010703	split cervical axis	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb⁺\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb⁺ involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0004687	split vertebrae	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856	MP:0005578	teratozoospermia	PMID: 15901285
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856	MP:0004618	thoracic vertebral transformation	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb⁺\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb⁺ involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0004618	thoracic vertebral transformation	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarg^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarg^tm1Ipc/Rarg^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas	MGI:97856 MGI:97858	MP:0010502	ventricle myocardium hypoplasia	PMID: 7607068
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0010402	ventricular septal defect	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856	MP:0003036	vertebral transformation	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb⁺\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb⁺ involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0003036	vertebral transformation	PMID: 9240560
Rara^tm1Ipc\|Rarb^tm1Mma	Rara^tm1Ipc/Rara^tm1Ipc,Rarb^tm1Mma/Rarb^tm1Mma involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6	MGI:97856 MGI:97857	MP:0003036	vertebral transformation	PMID: 9240560

Clinically-Relevant Mutations and Pathophysiology

Disease:

Acute promyelocytic leukemia; APL

Disease Ontology:	DOID:0060318
OMIM:	612376
Orphanet:	ORPHA520

Role:

Alteration at the receptor level: APL is caused by several translocations that implicate the human RARa gene.

Comments:

APL is a subtype of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). The reciprocal chromosomal translocation between RARa and promyelocyte leukemia protein (PML) human genes produces a fusion protein PML-RARa. The use of supraphysiological doses of ATRA lead to the remission in APL patients. In contrast, the fusion protein resulting from the translocation between RARa and the promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) is insensitive to ATRA treatment.

References:

18-19,44

Biologically Significant Variants

Type:	Splice variant
Species:	Human
Description:	RARa1: retinoic acid receptor, alpha isoform 1:- The a1 isoform is transcribed from the promoter P1 and differs from a2 in the A domain. These two isforms exhibit distinct expression patterns. RARa1 is phosphorylated by cdk7/TFIIH (ser 77).
Amino acids:	462
Protein accession:	NP_001138773
References:	9,41,67

Type:	Splice variant
Species:	Human
Description:	RARa2: retinoic acid receptor, α isoform 2: - In contrast to the a1 isoform, a2 is transcribed from promoter (the downstream one, P2) that contains a DR5 and which is inducible by retinoid. The a2 isoform differs from a1 in the A domain.
Amino acids:	457
Protein accession:	NP_001019980
References:	41-42

References

Show »« Hide

1. Akmal KM, Dufour JM, Kim KH. (1996) Region-specific localization of retinoic acid receptor-alpha expression in the rat epididymis. Biol. Reprod., 54 (5): 1111-9. [PMID:8722633]

2. Allenby G, Bocquel MT, Saunders M, Kazmer S, Speck J, Rosenberger M, Lovey A, Kastner P, Grippo JF, Chambon P. (1993) Retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors: interactions with endogenous retinoic acids. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 90 (1): 30-4. [PMID:8380496]

3. Altucci L, Rossin A, Raffelsberger W, Reitmair A, Chomienne C, Gronemeyer H. (2001) Retinoic acid-induced apoptosis in leukemia cells is mediated by paracrine action of tumor-selective death ligand TRAIL. Nat. Med., 7 (6): 680-6. [PMID:11385504]

4. Apfel C, Bauer F, Crettaz M, Forni L, Kamber M, Kaufmann F, LeMotte P, Pirson W, Klaus M. (1992) A retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist selectively counteracts retinoic acid effects. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 89 (15): 7129-33. [PMID:1323127]

5. Beard RL, Duong TT, Teng M, Klein ES, Standevan AM, Chandraratna RA. (2002) Synthesis and biological activity of retinoic acid receptor-alpha specific amides. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 12 (21): 3145-8. [PMID:12372520]

6. Bernard BA, Bernardon JM, Delescluse C, Martin B, Lenoir MC, Maignan J, Charpentier B, Pilgrim WR, Reichert U, Shroot B. (1992) Identification of synthetic retinoids with selectivity for human nuclear retinoic acid receptor gamma. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 186 (2): 977-83. [PMID:1323296]

7. Bour G, Gaillard E, Bruck N, Lalevée S, Plassat JL, Busso D, Samama JP, Rochette-Egly C. (2005) Cyclin H binding to the RARalpha activation function (AF)-2 domain directs phosphorylation of the AF-1 domain by cyclin-dependent kinase 7. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 102 (46): 16608-13. [PMID:16275922]

8. Bourguet W, Vivat V, Wurtz JM, Chambon P, Gronemeyer H, Moras D. (2000) Crystal structure of a heterodimeric complex of RAR and RXR ligand-binding domains. Mol. Cell, 5 (2): 289-98. [PMID:10882070]

9. Brand NJ, Petkovich M, Chambon P. (1990) Characterization of a functional promoter for the human retinoic acid receptor-alpha (hRAR-alpha). Nucleic Acids Res., 18 (23): 6799-806. [PMID:2175878]

10. Charpentier B, Bernardon JM, Eustache J, Millois C, Martin B, Michel S, Shroot B. (1995) Synthesis, structure-affinity relationships, and biological activities of ligands binding to retinoic acid receptor subtypes. J. Med. Chem., 38 (26): 4993-5006. [PMID:8544175]

11. Charton J, Deprez-Poulain R, Hennuyer N, Tailleux A, Staels B, Deprez B. (2009) Novel non-carboxylic acid retinoids: 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-one derivatives. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 19 (2): 489-92. [PMID:19058965]

12. Chen H, Lin RJ, Schiltz RL, Chakravarti D, Nash A, Nagy L, Privalsky ML, Nakatani Y, Evans RM. (1997) Nuclear receptor coactivator ACTR is a novel histone acetyltransferase and forms a multimeric activation complex with P/CAF and CBP/p300. Cell, 90 (3): 569-80. [PMID:9267036]

13. Chen JD, Evans RM. (1995) A transcriptional co-repressor that interacts with nuclear hormone receptors. Nature, 377 (6548): 454-7. [PMID:7566127]

14. Chen JY, Clifford J, Zusi C, Starrett J, Tortolani D, Ostrowski J, Reczek PR, Chambon P, Gronemeyer H. (1996) Two distinct actions of retinoid-receptor ligands. Nature, 382 (6594): 819-22. [PMID:8752277]

15. Chen JY, Penco S, Ostrowski J, Balaguer P, Pons M, Starrett JE, Reczek P, Chambon P, Gronemeyer H. (1995) RAR-specific agonist/antagonists which dissociate transactivation and AP1 transrepression inhibit anchorage-independent cell proliferation. EMBO J., 14 (6): 1187-97. [PMID:7720709]

16. Chiba H, Clifford J, Metzger D, Chambon P. (1997) Distinct retinoid X receptor-retinoic acid receptor heterodimers are differentially involved in the control of expression of retinoid target genes in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. Mol. Cell. Biol., 17 (6): 3013-20. [PMID:9154799]

17. Dawson MI, Chao WR, Pine P, Jong L, Hobbs PD, Rudd CK, Quick TC, Niles RM, Zhang XK, Lombardo A. (1995) Correlation of retinoid binding affinity to retinoic acid receptor alpha with retinoid inhibition of growth of estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 mammary carcinoma cells. Cancer Res., 55 (19): 4446-51. [PMID:7671258]

18. de Thé H, Vivanco-Ruiz MM, Tiollais P, Stunnenberg H, Dejean A. (1990) Identification of a retinoic acid responsive element in the retinoic acid receptor beta gene. Nature, 343 (6254): 177-80. [PMID:2153268]

19. Degos L, Wang ZY. (2001) All trans retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Oncogene, 20 (49): 7140-5. [PMID:11704842]

20. Delescluse C, Cavey MT, Martin B, Bernard BA, Reichert U, Maignan J, Darmon M, Shroot B. (1991) Selective high affinity retinoic acid receptor alpha or beta-gamma ligands. Mol. Pharmacol., 40 (4): 556-62. [PMID:1656191]

21. Delva L, Bastie JN, Rochette-Egly C, Kraïba R, Balitrand N, Despouy G, Chambon P, Chomienne C. (1999) Physical and functional interactions between cellular retinoic acid binding protein II and the retinoic acid-dependent nuclear complex. Mol. Cell. Biol., 19 (10): 7158-67. [PMID:10490651]

22. Dollé P, Ruberte E, Kastner P, Petkovich M, Stoner CM, Gudas LJ, Chambon P. (1989) Differential expression of genes encoding alpha, beta and gamma retinoic acid receptors and CRABP in the developing limbs of the mouse. Nature, 342 (6250): 702-5. [PMID:2556642]

23. Dollé P, Ruberte E, Leroy P, Morriss-Kay G, Chambon P. (1990) Retinoic acid receptors and cellular retinoid binding proteins. I. A systematic study of their differential pattern of transcription during mouse organogenesis. Development, 110 (4): 1133-51. [PMID:1966045]

24. Dupé V, Davenne M, Brocard J, Dollé P, Mark M, Dierich A, Chambon P, Rijli FM. (1997) In vivo functional analysis of the Hoxa-1 3' retinoic acid response element (3'RARE). Development, 124 (2): 399-410. [PMID:9053316]

25. Durand B, Saunders M, Leroy P, Leid M, Chambon P. (1992) All-trans and 9-cis retinoic acid induction of CRABPII transcription is mediated by RAR-RXR heterodimers bound to DR1 and DR2 repeated motifs. Cell, 71 (1): 73-85. [PMID:1327537]

26. Germain P, Iyer J, Zechel C, Gronemeyer H. (2002) Co-regulator recruitment and the mechanism of retinoic acid receptor synergy. Nature, 415 (6868): 187-92. [PMID:11805839]

27. Giguere V, Ong ES, Segui P, Evans RM. (1987) Identification of a receptor for the morphogen retinoic acid. Nature, 330 (6149): 624-9. [PMID:2825036]

28. Goodman RH, Smolik S. (2000) CBP/p300 in cell growth, transformation, and development. Genes Dev., 14 (13): 1553-77. [PMID:10887150]

29. Géhin M, Vivat V, Wurtz JM, Losson R, Chambon P, Moras D, Gronemeyer H. (1999) Structural basis for engineering of retinoic acid receptor isotype-selective agonists and antagonists. Chem. Biol., 6 (8): 519-29. [PMID:10421757]

30. Hörlein AJ, Näär AM, Heinzel T, Torchia J, Gloss B, Kurokawa R, Ryan A, Kamei Y, Söderström M, Glass CK. (1995) Ligand-independent repression by the thyroid hormone receptor mediated by a nuclear receptor co-repressor. Nature, 377 (6548): 397-404. [PMID:7566114]

31. Kagechika H, Kawachi E, Hashimoto Y, Himi T, Shudo K. (1988) Retinobenzoic acids. 1. Structure-activity relationships of aromatic amides with retinoidal activity. J. Med. Chem., 31 (11): 2182-92. [PMID:3184125]

32. Keidel S, LeMotte P, Apfel C. (1994) Different agonist- and antagonist-induced conformational changes in retinoic acid receptors analyzed by protease mapping. Mol. Cell. Biol., 14 (1): 287-98. [PMID:8264595]

33. Klaholz BP, Mitschler A, Moras D. (2000) Structural basis for isotype selectivity of the human retinoic acid nuclear receptor. J. Mol. Biol., 302 (1): 155-70. [PMID:10964567]

34. Klein ES, Pino ME, Johnson AT, Davies PJ, Nagpal S, Thacher SM, Krasinski G, Chandraratna RA. (1996) Identification and functional separation of retinoic acid receptor neutral antagonists and inverse agonists. J. Biol. Chem., 271 (37): 22692-6. [PMID:8798442]

35. Klein ES, Wang JW, Khalifa B, Gavigan SA, Chandraratna RA. (2000) Recruitment of nuclear receptor corepressor and coactivator to the retinoic acid receptor by retinoid ligands. Influence of DNA-heterodimer interactions. J. Biol. Chem., 275 (25): 19401-8. [PMID:10777502]

36. Lafyatis R, Kim SJ, Angel P, Roberts AB, Sporn MB, Karin M, Wilder RL. (1990) Interleukin-1 stimulates and all-trans-retinoic acid inhibits collagenase gene expression through its 5' activator protein-1-binding site. Mol. Endocrinol., 4 (7): 973-80. [PMID:2178224]

37. Lanotte M, Martin-Thouvenin V, Najman S, Balerini P, Valensi F, Berger R. (1991) NB4, a maturation inducible cell line with t(15;17) marker isolated from a human acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3). Blood, 77 (5): 1080-6. [PMID:1995093]

38. Laudet V, Gronemeyer H. (2002) The Nuclear Receptor Facts Book. In The Nuclear Receptor Facts Book. (Academic Press) .

39. le Maire A, Teyssier C, Erb C, Grimaldi M, Alvarez S, de Lera AR, Balaguer P, Gronemeyer H, Royer CA, Germain P, Bourguet W. (2010) A unique secondary-structure switch controls constitutive gene repression by retinoic acid receptor. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol., 17 (7): 801-7. [PMID:20543827]

40. Leid M, Kastner P, Chambon P. (1992) Multiplicity generates diversity in the retinoic acid signalling pathways. Trends Biochem. Sci., 17 (10): 427-33. [PMID:1333659]

41. Leroy P, Krust A, Zelent A, Mendelsohn C, Garnier JM, Kastner P, Dierich A, Chambon P. (1991) Multiple isoforms of the mouse retinoic acid receptor alpha are generated by alternative splicing and differential induction by retinoic acid. EMBO J., 10 (1): 59-69. [PMID:1846598]

42. Leroy P, Nakshatri H, Chambon P. (1991) Mouse retinoic acid receptor alpha 2 isoform is transcribed from a promoter that contains a retinoic acid response element. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 88 (22): 10138-42. [PMID:1658797]

43. Li E, Sucov HM, Lee KF, Evans RM, Jaenisch R. (1993) Normal development and growth of mice carrying a targeted disruption of the alpha 1 retinoic acid receptor gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 90 (4): 1590-4. [PMID:7679509]

44. Lin RJ, Egan DA, Evans RM. (1999) Molecular genetics of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Trends Genet., 15 (5): 179-84. [PMID:10322484]

45. Loudig O, Babichuk C, White J, Abu-Abed S, Mueller C, Petkovich M. (2000) Cytochrome P450RAI(CYP26) promoter: a distinct composite retinoic acid response element underlies the complex regulation of retinoic acid metabolism. Mol. Endocrinol., 14 (9): 1483-97. [PMID:10976925]

46. Lufkin T, Lohnes D, Mark M, Dierich A, Gorry P, Gaub MP, LeMeur M, Chambon P. (1993) High postnatal lethality and testis degeneration in retinoic acid receptor alpha mutant mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 90 (15): 7225-9. [PMID:8394014]

47. Mark M, Chambon P. (2003) Functions of RARs and RXRs in vivo: genetic dissection of the retinoid signaling pathway. Pure Appl Chem, 75: 1709-1732.

48. Mark M, Ghyselinck NB, Chambon P. (2006) Function of retinoid nuclear receptors: lessons from genetic and pharmacological dissections of the retinoic acid signaling pathway during mouse embryogenesis. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 46: 451-80. [PMID:16402912]

49. Mattei MG, Rivière M, Krust A, Ingvarsson S, Vennström B, Islam MQ, Levan G, Kautner P, Zelent A, Chambon P. (1991) Chromosomal assignment of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) genes in the human, mouse, and rat genomes. Genomics, 10 (4): 1061-9. [PMID:1655630]

50. McKenna NJ, Lanz RB, O'Malley BW. (1999) Nuclear receptor coregulators: cellular and molecular biology. Endocr. Rev., 20 (3): 321-44. [PMID:10368774]

51. Nagy L, Thomázy VA, Shipley GL, Fésüs L, Lamph W, Heyman RA, Chandraratna RA, Davies PJ. (1995) Activation of retinoid X receptors induces apoptosis in HL-60 cell lines. Mol. Cell. Biol., 15 (7): 3540-51. [PMID:7791761]

52. Nicholson RC, Mader S, Nagpal S, Leid M, Rochette-Egly C, Chambon P. (1990) Negative regulation of the rat stromelysin gene promoter by retinoic acid is mediated by an AP1 binding site. EMBO J., 9 (13): 4443-54. [PMID:2176152]

53. Oñate SA, Tsai SY, Tsai MJ, O'Malley BW. (1995) Sequence and characterization of a coactivator for the steroid hormone receptor superfamily. Science, 270 (5240): 1354-7. [PMID:7481822]

54. Pavri R, Lewis B, Kim TK, Dilworth FJ, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, de Murcia G, Evans R, Chambon P, Reinberg D. (2005) PARP-1 determines specificity in a retinoid signaling pathway via direct modulation of mediator. Mol. Cell, 18 (1): 83-96. [PMID:15808511]

55. Petkovich M, Brand NJ, Krust A, Chambon P. (1987) A human retinoic acid receptor which belongs to the family of nuclear receptors. Nature, 330 (6147): 444-50. [PMID:2825025]

56. Rochette-Egly C. (2003) Nuclear receptors: integration of multiple signalling pathways through phosphorylation. Cell. Signal., 15 (4): 355-66. [PMID:12618210]

57. Rochette-Egly C, Adam S, Rossignol M, Egly JM, Chambon P. (1997) Stimulation of RAR alpha activation function AF-1 through binding to the general transcription factor TFIIH and phosphorylation by CDK7. Cell, 90 (1): 97-107. [PMID:9230306]

58. Ruberte E, Dolle P, Chambon P, Morriss-Kay G. (1991) Retinoic acid receptors and cellular retinoid binding proteins. II. Their differential pattern of transcription during early morphogenesis in mouse embryos. Development, 111 (1): 45-60. [PMID:1849812]

59. Ruberte E, Dolle P, Krust A, Zelent A, Morriss-Kay G, Chambon P. (1990) Specific spatial and temporal distribution of retinoic acid receptor gamma transcripts during mouse embryogenesis. Development, 108 (2): 213-22. [PMID:2161730]

60. Ruberte E, Friederich V, Chambon P, Morriss-Kay G. (1993) Retinoic acid receptors and cellular retinoid binding proteins. III. Their differential transcript distribution during mouse nervous system development. Development, 118 (1): 267-82. [PMID:8397079]

61. Sande S, Privalsky ML. (1996) Identification of TRACs (T3 receptor-associating cofactors), a family of cofactors that associate with, and modulate the activity of, nuclear hormone receptors. Mol. Endocrinol., 10 (7): 813-25. [PMID:8813722]

62. Schüle R, Umesono K, Mangelsdorf DJ, Bolado J, Pike JW, Evans RM. (1990) Jun-Fos and receptors for vitamins A and D recognize a common response element in the human osteocalcin gene. Cell, 61 (3): 497-504. [PMID:2159384]

63. Smith WC, Nakshatri H, Leroy P, Rees J, Chambon P. (1991) A retinoic acid response element is present in the mouse cellular retinol binding protein I (mCRBPI) promoter. EMBO J., 10 (8): 2223-30. [PMID:1648481]

64. Taneja R, Rochette-Egly C, Plassat JL, Penna L, Gaub MP, Chambon P. (1997) Phosphorylation of activation functions AF-1 and AF-2 of RAR alpha and RAR gamma is indispensable for differentiation of F9 cells upon retinoic acid and cAMP treatment. EMBO J., 16 (21): 6452-65. [PMID:9351827]

65. Thacher SM, Vasudevan J, Chandraratna RA. (2000) Therapeutic applications for ligands of retinoid receptors. Curr. Pharm. Des., 6 (1): 25-58. [PMID:10637371]

66. Thoreau E, Arlabosse JM, Bouix-Peter C, Chambon S, Chantalat L, Daver S, Dumais L, Duvert G, Feret A, Ouvry G et al.. (2018) Structure-based design of Trifarotene (CD5789), a potent and selective RARγ agonist for the treatment of acne. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 28 (10): 1736-1741. [PMID:29706423]

67. van der Leede BJ, Folkers GE, Kruyt FA, van der Saag PT. (1992) Genomic organization of the human retinoic acid receptor beta 2. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 188 (2): 695-702. [PMID:1332705]

68. Vizirianakis IS, Chatzopoulou M, Bonovolias ID, Nicolaou I, Demopoulos VJ, Tsiftsoglou AS. (2010) Toward the development of innovative bifunctional agents to induce differentiation and to promote apoptosis in leukemia: clinical candidates and perspectives. J. Med. Chem., 53 (19): 6779-810. [PMID:20925433]

69. Voegel JJ, Heine MJ, Tini M, Vivat V, Chambon P, Gronemeyer H. (1998) The coactivator TIF2 contains three nuclear receptor-binding motifs and mediates transactivation through CBP binding-dependent and -independent pathways. EMBO J., 17 (2): 507-19. [PMID:9430642]

70. Westin S, Rosenfeld MG, Glass CK. (2000) Nuclear receptor coactivators. Adv. Pharmacol., 47: 89-112. [PMID:10582085]

71. Wong CW, Privalsky ML. (1998) Transcriptional silencing is defined by isoform- and heterodimer-specific interactions between nuclear hormone receptors and corepressors. Mol. Cell. Biol., 18 (10): 5724-33. [PMID:9742089]

72. Zelent A, Krust A, Petkovich M, Kastner P, Chambon P. (1989) Cloning of murine alpha and beta retinoic acid receptors and a novel receptor gamma predominantly expressed in skin. Nature, 339 (6227): 714-7. [PMID:2544807]

73. Zhou XF, Shen XQ, Shemshedini L. (1999) Ligand-activated retinoic acid receptor inhibits AP-1 transactivation by disrupting c-Jun/c-Fos dimerization. Mol. Endocrinol., 13 (2): 276-85. [PMID:9973257]

How to cite this page

1B. Retinoic acid receptors: Retinoic acid receptor-α. Last modified on 16/07/2019. Accessed on 23/09/2019. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY, http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=590.

Retinoic acid receptor-α

Contents:

References

How to cite this page