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Unless otherwise stated all data on this page refer to the human proteins. Gene information is provided for human (Hs), mouse (Mm) and rat (Rn).
Members of the toll-like family of receptors (nomenclature recommended by the NC-IUPHAR subcommittee on pattern recognition receptors, [2]) share significant homology with the interleukin-1 receptor family and appear to require dimerization either as homo- or heterodimers for functional activity. Heterodimerization appears to influence the potency of ligand binding substantially (e.g. TLR1/2 and TLR2/6, [18-19]). TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6 and TLR11 are cell-surface proteins, while other members are associated with intracellular organelles, signalling through the MyD88-dependent pathways (with the exception of TLR3). As well as responding to exogenous infectious agents, it has been suggested that selected members of the family may be activated by endogenous ligands, such as hsp60 (HSPD1, P10809) [14].
TLR1
C
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TLR2
C
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TLR3
C
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TLR4
C
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TLR5
C
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TLR6
C
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TLR7
C
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TLR8
C
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TLR9
C
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TLR10
C
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TLR11
C
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Database page citation:
Clare Bryant, Tom Monie. Toll-like receptor family. Accessed on 24/02/2019. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY, http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=316.
Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY citation:
Alexander SPH, Fabbro D, Kelly E, Marrion NV, Peters JA, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Southan C, Davies JA; CGTP Collaborators. (2017) The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18: Catalytic receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 174 Suppl 1: S225-S271.