dexamethasone   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 2768

Synonyms: Decadron® | desametasone | fluormethylprednisolone
Approved drug PDB Ligand Immunopharmacology Ligand
dexamethasone is an approved drug (FDA (1958), EMA (2010))
Compound class: Synthetic organic
Comment: Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist with anti-inflammatory action.
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species

IUPHAR Pharmacology Education Project (PEP) logo

View more information in the IUPHAR Pharmacology Education Project: dexamethasone

2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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Physico-chemical Properties
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Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the CDK toolkit. All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

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Hydrogen bond acceptors 5
Hydrogen bond donors 3
Rotatable bonds 2
Topological polar surface area 94.83
Molecular weight 392.2
XLogP 1.14
No. Lipinski's rules broken 0
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

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Canonical SMILES OCC(=O)C1(O)C(C)CC2C1(C)CC(O)C1(C2CCC2=CC(=O)C=CC12C)F
Isomeric SMILES OCC(=O)[C@@]1(O)[C@H](C)C[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)C[C@H](O)[C@]1([C@H]2CCC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]12C)F
InChI InChI=1S/C22H29FO5/c1-12-8-16-15-5-4-13-9-14(25)6-7-19(13,2)21(15,23)17(26)10-20(16,3)22(12,28)18(27)11-24/h6-7,9,12,15-17,24,26,28H,4-5,8,10-11H2,1-3H3/t12-,15+,16+,17+,19+,20+,21+,22+/m1/s1
InChI Key UREBDLICKHMUKA-CXSFZGCWSA-N
No information available.
Summary of Clinical Use Click here for help
Dexamethasone may be administered by various routes to treat myriad inflammatory condtions, including inflammatory dermatoses, asthma, allergic or inflammatory nasal conditions, and nasal polyps, endocrine disorders and many more. Ozurdex® has EMA authorisation as a treatment for macular edema and uveitis, and Neofordex® can be used to treat multiple myeloma.

SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19): On June 16th 2020, it was reported that results from the UK recovery trial have shown a clear survival benefit of low-dose dexamethasone in COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory complications. It cut the risk of death by a third for patients on ventilators and by 20% for those on oxygen [4]. This disclosure is preliminary, and pending peer review and publication.
Mechanism Of Action and Pharmacodynamic Effects Click here for help
Dexamethasone binds to the glucocorticoid receptor and the drug-receptor complex translocates to the nucleus and acts as transcription factor for target gene expression. The antiinflammatory actions of dexamethasone are thought to involve phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins such as the annexins (aka lipocortins), which control the biosynthesis of the major mediators of inflammation, prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Increased expression of the gene coding for annexin-1 is one of the mechanisms by which glucocorticoids inhibit inflammation.
External links Click here for help
For extended ADME data see the following:

Electronic Medicines Compendium (eMC)
Drugs.com
European Medicines Agency (EMA)