carotegrast   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 10511

Synonyms: HCA2969
Immunopharmacology Ligand
Compound class: Synthetic organic
Comment: Carotegrast (HCA2969) is the active metabolite of carotegrast methyl [1,4]. It acts as an antagonist of α4 integrin-mediated transmigration of leukocytes to sites of inflammation. The chemical structure of carotegrast is claimed as example 108 in EA Pharma patent US20110065918A1 which claims phenylalanine derivatives as α4 integrin antagonists for use as clinical therapeutics [2].
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species
2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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Physico-chemical Properties
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Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the CDK toolkit. All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

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Hydrogen bond acceptors 5
Hydrogen bond donors 2
Rotatable bonds 8
Topological polar surface area 113.12
Molecular weight 554.11
XLogP 6.12
No. Lipinski's rules broken 1
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

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Canonical SMILES CN(c1ccc2c(c1)c(=O)n(c(=O)n2C)c1ccc(cc1)CC(C(=O)O)NC(=O)c1c(Cl)cccc1Cl)C
Isomeric SMILES CN(c1ccc2c(c1)c(=O)n(c(=O)n2C)c1ccc(cc1)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)c1c(Cl)cccc1Cl)C
InChI InChI=1S/C27H24Cl2N4O5/c1-31(2)17-11-12-22-18(14-17)25(35)33(27(38)32(22)3)16-9-7-15(8-10-16)13-21(26(36)37)30-24(34)23-19(28)5-4-6-20(23)29/h4-12,14,21H,13H2,1-3H3,(H,30,34)(H,36,37)/t21-/m0/s1
InChI Key YQKBOUPIOWUMTE-NRFANRHFSA-N
Immunopharmacology Comments
Carotegrast produces the same functional outcome as the anti-α4 integrin antibody natalizumab, but with the benefits associated with small-molecule drugs [3,5-6]. Specifically, carotegrast blocks interactions between α4β1 and α4β7 integrins with their counter-receptors (VCAM-1 and MAdCAM-1 respectively) and fibronectin, and this mechanism limits transmigration of leukocytes into sites of inflammation.