zanamivir   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 12307

Synonyms: Dectova® | GG-167 | GG167 | GR-121167 | GR-121167X | ZMR
Approved drug PDB Ligand
zanamivir is an approved drug (FDA (1999), EMA (2019))
Compound class: Synthetic organic
Comment: Zanamivir (GG167) is a sialic acid-analogue that is used as an antiviral drug. Mechanistcally it inhibits the neuraminidases of both influenza A and B, enzymes that cleave sialic acid residues from host membrane-bound glycoproteins to increase both infection and release of new virus particles from the infected respiratory epithelium. Oseltamivir also belongs to this class of anti-influenza drugs.
A combination of zanamivir and oseltamivir is reported to inhibit mammalian neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) which has the effect of reducing neutrophil overactivation in response to severe viral infection [1]. It is proposed that pharmacological modulation of human NEU1 may represent a novel intervention to dampen neutrophil dysfunction (and the associated tissue damage) during severe infections, as observed in COVID-19.
2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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Physico-chemical Properties
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Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the CDK toolkit. All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

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Hydrogen bond acceptors 11
Hydrogen bond donors 7
Rotatable bonds 7
Topological polar surface area 200.72
Molecular weight 332.13
XLogP -3.01
No. Lipinski's rules broken 2
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

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Canonical SMILES OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1OC(=C[C@@H]([C@H]1NC(=O)C)N=C(N)N)C(=O)O)O)O
Isomeric SMILES CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@H](C=C(O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)C(=O)O)N=C(N)N
InChI InChI=1S/C12H20N4O7/c1-4(18)15-8-5(16-12(13)14)2-7(11(21)22)23-10(8)9(20)6(19)3-17/h2,5-6,8-10,17,19-20H,3H2,1H3,(H,15,18)(H,21,22)(H4,13,14,16)/t5-,6+,8+,9+,10+/m0/s1
InChI Key ARAIBEBZBOPLMB-UFGQHTETSA-N
References
1. de Oliveira Formiga R, Amaral FC, Souza CF, Mendes DAGB, Wanderley CWS, Lorenzini CB, Santos AA, Antônia J, Faria LF, Natale CC et al.. (2023)
Neuraminidase is a host-directed approach to regulate neutrophil responses in sepsis and COVID-19.
Br J Pharmacol, 180 (11): 1460-1481. [PMID:36526272]
2. Krueger AC, Xu Y, Kati WM, Kempf DJ, Maring CJ, McDaniel KF, Molla A, Montgomery D, Kohlbrenner WE. (2008)
Synthesis of potent pyrrolidine influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 18 (5): 1692-5. [PMID:18242993]
3. Richards MR, Guo T, Hunter CD, Cairo CW. (2018)
Molecular dynamics simulations of viral neuraminidase inhibitors with the human neuraminidase enzymes: Insights into isoenzyme selectivity.
Bioorg Med Chem, 26 (19): 5349-5358. [PMID:29903413]
4. Wen WH, Wang SY, Tsai KC, Cheng YS, Yang AS, Fang JM, Wong CH. (2010)
Analogs of zanamivir with modified C4-substituents as the inhibitors against the group-1 neuraminidases of influenza viruses.
Bioorg Med Chem, 18 (11): 4074-84. [PMID:20452227]