Abbreviated name: MLT
Synonyms: Circadin®
melatonin is an approved drug (EMA (2007))
Compound class:
Metabolite
Comment: Melatonin is a hormone involved in regulating circadian rhythms in animals. Melatonin activates a family of melatonin receptors.
SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: The effect of viral infection (including by influenza and SARS-CoV-2) on the melatonergic pathway, and how this might modulate the inflammatory response was reviewed by Anderson and Reiter in May 2020 [1]. ![]() Ligand Activity Visualisation ChartsThese are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts. ✖![]() View more information in the IUPHAR Pharmacology Education Project: melatonin |
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References |
1. Anderson G, Reiter RJ. (2020)
Melatonin: Roles in influenza, Covid-19, and other viral infections. Rev Med Virol, 30 (3): e2109. DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2109 [PMID:32314850] |
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New selective ligands of human cloned melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 367 (6): 553-61. [PMID:12764576] |
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The role of melatonin in the cells of the innate immunity: a review. J Pineal Res, 55 (2): 103-20. [PMID:23889107] |
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Gene regulation by melatonin. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 917: 387-96. [PMID:11268365] |
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Melatonin: buffering the immune system. Int J Mol Sci, 14 (4): 8638-83. [PMID:23609496] |
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Characterization of a retinal melatonin receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 234 (2): 395-401. [PMID:2991499] |
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Melatonin receptor antagonists that differentiate between the human Mel1a and Mel1b recombinant subtypes are used to assess the pharmacological profile of the rabbit retina ML1 presynaptic heteroreceptor. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 355 (3): 365-75. [PMID:9089668] |
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Melatonin decreases TLR3-mediated inflammatory factor expression via inhibition of NF-kappa B activation in respiratory syncytial virus-infected RAW264.7 macrophages. J Pineal Res, 45 (1): 93-100. [PMID:18312297] |
9. Jahanban-Esfahlan R, Mehrzadi S, Reiter RJ, Seidi K, Majidinia M, Baghi HB, Khatami N, Yousefi B, Sadeghpour A. (2018)
Melatonin in regulation of inflammatory pathways in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: involvement of circadian clock genes. Br J Pharmacol, 175 (16): 3230-3238. [PMID:28585236] |
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The novel melatonin agonist agomelatine (S20098) is an antagonist at 5-hydroxytryptamine2C receptors, blockade of which enhances the activity of frontocortical dopaminergic and adrenergic pathways. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 306 (3): 954-64. [PMID:12750432] |
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The nuclear receptor for melatonin represses 5-lipoxygenase gene expression in human B lymphocytes. J Biol Chem, 270 (13): 7037-40. [PMID:7706239] |
12. Xia MZ, Liang YL, Wang H, Chen X, Huang YY, Zhang ZH, Chen YH, Zhang C, Zhao M, Xu DX et al.. (2012)
Melatonin modulates TLR4-mediated inflammatory genes through MyD88- and TRIF-dependent signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. J Pineal Res, 53 (4): 325-34. [PMID:22537289] |
13. Xu X, Wang G, Ai L, Shi J, Zhang J, Chen YX. (2018)
Melatonin suppresses TLR9-triggered proinflammatory cytokine production in macrophages by inhibiting ERK1/2 and AKT activation. Sci Rep, 8 (1): 15579. [PMID:30349079] |