avacopan   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 9450

Synonyms: CCX-168 | CCX168 | Tavneos®
Approved drug PDB Ligand Immunopharmacology Ligand
avacopan is an approved drug (FDA (2021), EMA (2022))
Compound class: Synthetic organic
Comment: Avacopan is a small molecule, competitive and orally bioactive antagonist of human C5a1 receptor [1]. It was originally proposed as an alternative to steroid (glucocorticoid) therapy for ANCA-associated vasculitis [3,7]. The evidence confirming C5, C5a and the C5a receptor as anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer drug targets was reviewed by Horiuchi and Tsukamoto (2016) [2].
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species
2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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Click here for structure editor
Physico-chemical Properties
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Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the CDK toolkit. All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

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Hydrogen bond acceptors 5
Hydrogen bond donors 2
Rotatable bonds 9
Topological polar surface area 61.44
Molecular weight 581.27
XLogP 7.52
No. Lipinski's rules broken 1
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

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Canonical SMILES O=C(C1CCCN(C1c1ccc(cc1)NC1CCCC1)C(=O)c1c(C)cccc1F)Nc1ccc(c(c1)C(F)(F)F)C
Isomeric SMILES O=C([C@H]1CCCN([C@H]1c1ccc(cc1)NC1CCCC1)C(=O)c1c(C)cccc1F)Nc1ccc(c(c1)C(F)(F)F)C
InChI InChI=1S/C33H35F4N3O2/c1-20-12-15-25(19-27(20)33(35,36)37)39-31(41)26-10-6-18-40(32(42)29-21(2)7-5-11-28(29)34)30(26)22-13-16-24(17-14-22)38-23-8-3-4-9-23/h5,7,11-17,19,23,26,30,38H,3-4,6,8-10,18H2,1-2H3,(H,39,41)/t26-,30-/m0/s1
InChI Key PUKBOVABABRILL-YZNIXAGQSA-N
References
1. Bekker P, Dairaghi D, Seitz L, Leleti M, Wang Y, Ertl L, Baumgart T, Shugarts S, Lohr L, Dang T et al.. (2016)
Characterization of Pharmacologic and Pharmacokinetic Properties of CCX168, a Potent and Selective Orally Administered Complement 5a Receptor Inhibitor, Based on Preclinical Evaluation and Randomized Phase 1 Clinical Study.
PLoS ONE, 11 (10): e0164646. [PMID:27768695]
2. Horiuchi T, Tsukamoto H. (2016)
Complement-targeted therapy: development of C5- and C5a-targeted inhibition.
Inflamm Regen, 36: 11. [PMID:29259684]
3. Jayne D. (2019)
Complement inhibition in ANCA vasculitis.
Nephrol Ther, 15 (6): 409-412. [PMID:31631015]
4. Jayne DRW, Bruchfeld AN, Harper L, Schaier M, Venning MC, Hamilton P, Burst V, Grundmann F, Jadoul M, Szombati I et al.. (2017)
Randomized Trial of C5a Receptor Inhibitor Avacopan in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis.
J Am Soc Nephrol, 28 (9): 2756-2767. [PMID:28400446]
5. Kettritz R. (2017)
Vasculitis: A CLEAR argument for targeting complement in ANCA vasculitis.
Nat Rev Nephrol, 13 (8): 448-450. [PMID:28529340]
6. Merkel PA, Jayne DR, Wang C, Hillson J, Bekker P. (2020)
Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Avacopan, a C5a Receptor Inhibitor, in Patients With Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis Treated Concomitantly With Rituximab or Cyclophosphamide/Azathioprine: Protocol for a Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled, Phase 3 Trial.
JMIR Res Protoc, 9 (4): e16664. [PMID:32088663]
7. Onuora S. (2021)
Avacopan offers alternative to steroids for ANCA-associated vasculitis.
Nat Rev Rheumatol, 17 (5): 249. [PMID:33846585]
8. Osman M, Cohen Tervaert JW, Pagnoux C. (2021)
Avacopan for the treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis.
Expert Rev Clin Immunol, 17 (7): 717-726. [PMID:34006155]
9. Serling-Boyd N, Wallace ZS. (2021)
Management of primary vasculitides with biologic and novel small molecule medications.
Curr Opin Rheumatol, 33 (1): 8-14. [PMID:33164993]