Immune cells: CEM x174 T/B lymphocytes, Raji B cells, CD4+, monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils. |
Species: |
Human |
Technique: |
RT-PCR. |
References: |
31 |
|
|
Skin: dermal and epidermal nerve fibers. |
Species: |
Human |
Technique: |
Immunohistochemistry. |
References: |
144 |
|
|
Pregnant uterus. |
Species: |
Mouse |
Technique: |
in situ hybridisation. |
References: |
178 |
|
|
CNS: caudate putamen, nucleus accumbens, endopiriform nucleus, fundus striati, habenula, amygdaloid nuclei, thalamus, hypothalamus, zona incerta, ventral tegmental area, interpeduncular nucleus, central gray, dentate gyrus, substantia nigra, the superior colliculus. |
Species: |
Mouse |
Technique: |
Radioligand binding. |
References: |
74 |
|
|
Gastrointestinal tract. |
Species: |
Rat |
Technique: |
Immunohistochemistry. |
References: |
7 |
|
|
CNS: superficial layers of the dorsal horn. |
Species: |
Rat |
Technique: |
immunocytochemistry. |
References: |
28-29 |
|
|
CNS: striatum, medial habenular nucleus, medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract, interpeduncular nucleus, median raphe nucleus, parabrachial nuclei, locus coeruleus, ambiguous nucleus, nucleus of the solitary tract, and laminae I and II of the medullary and spinal dorsal horns, cerebral cortex, amygdala, thalamus, and hypothalamus. |
Species: |
Rat |
Technique: |
Immunohistochemistry. |
References: |
39 |
|
|
CNS: striatum, layers I and III of the cortex, the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampal formation, specific nuclei of the thalamus, the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra, the interpeduncular nucleus, and the locus coeruleus. |
Species: |
Rat |
Technique: |
Radioligand binding. |
References: |
147 |
|
|
Accessory optic tract. |
Species: |
Rat |
Technique: |
Immunohistochemistry. |
References: |
41 |
|
|
CNS: superficial layers of the medullary and spinal dorsal horns. Colocalisation with substance P. |
Species: |
Rat |
Technique: |
immunocytochemistry. |
References: |
40,85 |
|
|
CNS: caudate putamen. |
Species: |
Rat |
Technique: |
immunocytochemistry. |
References: |
71,163 |
|
|
CNS: superficial layers of the spinal cord dorsal horn, nucleus caudalis of the spinal tract of the trigeminal, nucleus of the solitary tract, nucleus ambiguous, locus coeruleus, interpeduncular nucleus, lateral habenular nucleus, caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area, thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdaloid nuclei, nucleus accumbens, cerebral cortex, septum and diagonal band, preoptic area, medial thalamic and habenular nuclei, locus coeruleus, nucleus ambiguous, trigeminal nucleus caudalis, spinal cord substantia gelatinosa zones. |
Species: |
Rat |
Technique: |
Immunohistochemistry. |
References: |
111 |
|
|
CNS: Purkinje cells and granular and molecular layers of the fetal, neonatal and adult cerebellum. |
Species: |
Rat |
Technique: |
Immunohistochemistry. |
References: |
112 |
|
|
CNS: anterior cingulate cortex, neocortex, amygdala, hippocampus, ventral dentate gyrus, presubiculum, nucleus accumbens, caudate putamen, thalamus, habenula, interpeduncular nucleus, pars compacta of the substantia nigra, superior and inferior colliculi, raphe nuclei. |
Species: |
Rat |
Technique: |
Radioligand binding. |
References: |
98 |
|
|
CNS: nucleus accumbens (plasma membranes: extrasynaptic neuronal > glial) |
Species: |
Rat |
Technique: |
immunocytochemistry. |
References: |
145 |
|
|
CNS: nucleus accumbens (plasma membranes of GABAergic neurons). |
Species: |
Rat |
Technique: |
immunocytochemistry. |
References: |
146 |
|
|
CNS: locus coeruleus (noradrenergic perikarya and dendrites). |
Species: |
Rat |
Technique: |
immunocytochemistry. |
References: |
157-158 |
|
|
CNS: accessory olfactory bulb, striatal patches and streaks, amygdaloid nuclei, ventral hippocampal subiculum and dentate gyrus, numerous thalamic nuclei, geniculate bodies, central grey, superior and inferior colliculi, solitary and pontine nuclei and substantia nigra. |
Species: |
Rat |
Technique: |
Radioligand binding. |
References: |
138 |
|
|
CNS: thalamus, striosomes of the caudate-putamen, globus pallidus, cerebral cortex. |
Species: |
Rat |
Technique: |
in situ hybridisation. |
References: |
36 |
|
|
CNS: thalamic, brainstem and reticular core nuclei (highest in the habenular and thalamic nuclei). |
Species: |
Rat |
Technique: |
in situ hybridisation. |
References: |
49 |
|
|
CNS: accessory olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory nuclei, striatal patches of the nucleus accumbens and caudate-putamen, endopiriform nucleus, claustrum, diagonal band of Broca, globus pallidus, ventral pallidum, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, most thalamic nuclei, medial and posteriocortical medial amygdala, lateral, dorsomedial, posterior and mammillary nuclei of the hypothalamus, presubiculum, subiculum, rostral interpeduncular nucleus, median raphe, inferior colliculus, parabrachial nucleus, locus coeruleus, central grey, nucleus ambiguus, nucleus of the solitary tract, nucleus gracilis, nucleus cuneatus, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus. |
Species: |
Rat |
Technique: |
In situ hybridisation and radioligand binding. |
References: |
97 |
|
|
CNS: thalamus, striatum, hypothalamus and pons-medulla > hippocampus and midbrain > cerebral cortex and cerebellum. |
Species: |
Rat |
Technique: |
Northern blotting. |
References: |
105 |
|
|
CNS: olfactory bulb, caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens, lateral and medial septum, diagonal band of Broca, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, most thalamic nuclei, hippocampus, amygdala, medial preoptic area, superior and inferior colliculi, central gray, dorsal and median raphe, raphe magnus, locus coeruleus, parabrachial nucleus, pontine and medullary reticular nuclei, nucleus ambiguus, nucleus of the solitary tract, nucleus gracilis and cuneatus, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia. |
Species: |
Rat |
Technique: |
in situ hybridisation. |
References: |
96 |
|
|
CNS: superficial layers (laminae I and II) of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. |
Species: |
Rat |
Technique: |
Radioligand binding. |
References: |
13 |
|
|
Ear: cochleae. |
Species: |
Rat |
Technique: |
RT-PCR. |
References: |
69,123 |
|
|
CNS: Olfactory bulb, striatal patches and subcallosal streak, medial septum, piriform and cingulate cortex, entorhinal cortex, bed nucleus stria terminalis, medial preoptic area, globus and ventral pallidum, thalamic nuclei, lateral hypothalamus, mammillary nuclei , hippocampus, amygdaloid nuclei, ventral and lateral periaqueductal grey, ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra pars compacta, superior and inferior colliculi, interpeduncular nuclei, locus ceruleus, parabrachial nuclei, median raphe, nucleus of the solitary tract, spinal cord (dorsal root ganglia and layers I and II). |
Species: |
Rat |
Technique: |
in situ hybridisation. |
References: |
148 |
|
|
CNS: olfactory bulb. |
Species: |
Rat |
Technique: |
immunocytochemistry. |
References: |
137 |
|
|
CNS: cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus, locus coeruleus, superficial laminae of the dorsal horn. |
Species: |
Rat |
Technique: |
Immunohistochemistry. |
References: |
5 |
|
|
Tissue Distribution Comments |
μ opioid receptors are widely distributed with dense labelling throughout the fore, mid and hindbrain regions in the CNS. Quantitatively, the μ receptor is the most highly expressed of all the opioid receptors. Although the early studies used non-selective ligands such as [3H]dihydromorphine, characterisation of the distribution of the μ opioid receptor has been aided by the availability of [3H]DAMGO, a highly selective opioid agonist that has been the ligand of choice for labelling μ opioid receptors for over 20 years. Immunohistochemistry has largely confirmed receptor autoradiography.
For a review of μ opioid receptor expression in the rat see [95]. |